The Why Yale Essay Samples Game

The Why Yale Essay Samples Game Why Yale Essay Samples - the Story Demonstrated interest is a must in the current competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. The great majority of schools have that. There are lots of, a number of other colleges that are quite academically rigorous and difficult to enter. We seek students with the potential to grow the Yale community get the most out of the extraordinary opportunities readily available on our campus. Becoming in a position to ask a great question is probably more important than having the ability to provide a great answer (especially whenever you're a student). Therefore, it goes without saying, so as to be admitted to Princeton, you've got to be one bright kid. You may be wondering what you can possibly write about to stick out from different applicants with this kind of a brief assignment. This question hones in on the type of person you may be within the Yale community. Throughout my childhood, I was lucky enough to have the ability to learn several points of views from my parents due to their exclusive backgrounds, resulting in a fascinating upbringing that I believe Barnard students possess also. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium as a way to study the EU. To begin your studies at Yale University, you will need to produce an immediate application to the college or the school concerning the program in which you would like to get enrolled. As an example, Yale's residential college process is extremely unique and produces a different campus life experience than most universities. Basically, Yale would like to make sure that you know and value the things that they offer, and in addition, they need to assess how you're take advantage of many opportunities on Yale's campus to further your academic and professional career. It is one of the only universities that allow you to try-out your classes before you finalize your schedule. It is trying to gauge your unique interests. From your research, you must have produce specific explanations for why Yale is a fantastic school for you. You intend on obtaining a graduate degree and wish to immerse yourself in research throughout your undergraduate decades. Not merely in the home, but in the schools too, it's quite important to keep a good hygiene condition. If you choose a health category instead of a particular study, doctors who have active studies in that area may get in touch with you to ask if you'd like to participate. Japan's very first nursing institute was established in 1885 and the very first nursing institute for blacks in america followed the next calendar year. We work hard to keep the high quality and integrity of that which we sell. Whatever the case you are in need of a power supply with sufficient capability to power your electromagnet. Even in a 35-word reply, it's still much better to show instead of tell. Aim for five for the very first attempt. Looking at Why Yale'' essay examples may also help, even though they are difficult to find. Your essay should be unique to you. Writing an exc ellent short answer takes a good deal of wordsmithing, so be ready to spend a terrific deal of time tooling, trimming, and scrapping your drafts. Possessing an overall structure for all your essays is fine, but attempt to prevent playing the fill-in-the-blank game. At times I feel this has worked well, and it truly is a wide example base. If you're considering purchasing an item which you will still have next calendar year, look at pulling out the card but you need to be careful. Please remember that there are lots of lists that vary. There are several approaches to do this research. Revise and edit, but you should be certain not to get rid of the feeling of individuality that only you're able to put into words. 35 words isn't lots of words, particularly when it comes to a concept as broad as inspiration. In the end, proofread and keep within the term limit. Think about the 35 word challenge for a game.

Media Bias Same Sex Marriage Articles Essay example

Portfolio Essay Same sex marriage has been a controversial issue since homosexual couples started to petition for their civil and marital rights. Even though homosexuality existed long before our society labeled it, it is still not socially accepted by many groups as well as individuals. As a result, people tend to be biased when reporting facts concerning homosexual marriage. Biases can be hidden in many literature works like books, journals, magazines, and articles. Through these documents writers try to provoke an emotional response from their readers in order to influence their view of a usually highly debated matter. An example of this would be three articles through which the rhetors dissimilarly influence the opinion of their†¦show more content†¦Consequently, even though this article was just listing the facts about a controversial issue, it still showed bias because of the way it presented the information concerning this highly debated matter. Another article from F ox News titled â€Å"New York Becomes the Sixth State to Legalize Gay Marriage† talks about the legalization of homosexual marriage, but from a different, more conservative perspective. When the article states that â€Å"New York makes it difficult for the voters to repeal laws† (Associated Press 3), it is trying to make people feel â€Å"stuck† with this decision, and wonder if the politicians voted wisely. Furthermore, by saying that the senators were pressured into signing the legislation, the text makes the readers think that passing this law wasn’t the original intention of the lawmakers. Also, when the rhetors say that â€Å"Republicans demand for stronger legal protection for religious groups† (Associated Press 3), they make people think that only conservative Republicans are concerned with the discrimination lawsuits that might take place if certain religious groups â€Å"refuse to allow their facilities to be used for gay weddings† (Associated Press 3). Thus, the actual facts as well as the manner in which Fox News chose to present them made people focus more on the negative effects of allowing gay marriage in New York State. In addition, an article from New York Times titled â€Å"New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage,Show MoreRelatedAmerican Government : Interactive Assignment1036 Words   |  5 PagesLynn Cothrell American Government – Interactive Assignment Media bias refers to the bias of news producers and journalists that are in the mass media, reporting on a selection of events and stories and how they are covered. It is impossible to report everything, therefore, selectivity is inevitable. When watching or reading coverage on a specific topic, it is not difficult to detect the sources bias. The media will put their conservative or liberal spin on the information presented to their audienceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1182 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Margot Bowlby 22 February 2017 Same Sex Marriage Our society today is greatly influenced through controversial issues over same-sex marriage in America, leaving many stumped and concerned about the ongoing conflict. For some time now, it has been an expanding problem to legalize same sex marriage. A vast majority of the population believe that marriage should be between two genders due to it’s being biblical. The opposition upon same-sex marriage has led to the misconception of civil rightsRead MoreIntroduction This paper will cover the omnipresence of media biases and their implications in1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will cover the omnipresence of media biases and their implications in three news stories from various newspapers including The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times through content-analysis and comparison. Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro in â€Å"Media Bias and Reputation†from the Journal of Political Economy argue that media biases, distort information to make it conform with consumers’ prior [political] beliefs in order to shape reports in whateverRead MoreGay Families are Still Families Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages from a legal standpoint, the word â€Å"family† requires definition. Traditionally, a family has been defined as a married heterosexual couple and their children, but as more and more states are legalizing same-sex marriage, new questions arise. Regardless of ones position about whether gay marriage should be legal, it is clear that the definition of family is changing and the legal system will need to a ddress these changes. Whether it is determining who should be a custodial parent, clarifying adoptionRead MoreMedia Analysis of a Current Controversial Issue875 Words   |  4 Pages Homosexuality is the current controversial issue that has hit the media. One cannot avoid the topic of homosexuality in the news, movies, books, social media, newspapers, and even in politics. Homosexuality has become a controversial issue around the globe today. After Uganda outlawed homosexuality in its country, the topic has been trending everywhere in the mainstream media, and the social media. Some nations like the US have legalized homosexuality and this is why there has been uproar afterRead MoreThe Hollow Hope By Gerald Rosenberg1626 Words   |  7 PagesTo explore his question Rosenberg looks into different court cases in which believers of the dynamic court view think had the most impact on social change. The two that our class focused on in reading were cases dealing with Civil Rights and same-sex marriage. In both of these areas of social change Rosenberg concluded that the courts are not able to produce social change, unless the constraints have been lifted and the co nditions met. In his overall conclusion Rosenberg concludes that the CourtRead MoreDoes Bias Doesn t Mirror The World?1259 Words   |  6 Pages Where Bias Comes From Words are the world; however, words don’t mirror the world. We depend on vocabularies or words to form thoughts, to interpret ideas, and to communicate with others, and it’s needless to say that we share the same physical world; however, we see the world through different perspective and we use different vocabularies to interpret what we absorb from the objective reality. Consequently, we use different words to describe the unitary reality. For example, if a botanist, anRead MoreThe World of the Counselor: A Brief Analysis of Chapter Two 950 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference that has been filling the news recently is on same-sex marriage. I believe family counselors will see the biggest impact on this issue, as Christian families seek help for their loved ones. Same-sex marriages are not going away for 17 states have made it legal (Gaymarriage.procon.org, 2014). Professional counselors need to prepare by being non-bias while also help any family member dealing with disa greements over a recent same-sex marriage. The counselor needs to work against discriminationRead MoreComparison and Analysis of Different News Report on Same-Sex Marriage Legalization in New Zealand3385 Words   |  14 PagesTopic: Same Sex Marriage Homosexuality and lesbian and gay civil rights was the dominated by negativity in Western societies before the 1990s (Loftus, 2001). In Australia, bias and discrimination against gay has progressively decreased over time (Kelly, 2001). Issues related to gay and lesbian rights have been increasingly prominent. Despite the receding negative attitudes towards gay and lesbian minority, according to scholars, such tolerance does not seem to extend to attitudes towards same-sex marriageRead MoreChick Fil An American Franchising Restaurant Company Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesspecial business model, they chose their franchisees really carefully. Although it is franchise, Cathy family still had ownership of every restaurant (Grantham, R., 2 011). According to the case, Chick-fil-A pay much attention to charity. As the article described Chick-fil-A had donated more than $68 million since 2009-2012. Their main goals were creating education chances for employees and youth, donating food for military or other in need, and supporting communities and families. For example,

The Declaration Of The Rights Of Women - 1307 Words

In three documents associated with historical revolutions, Thomas Jefferson’s The Declaration of Independence, the French National Assembly’s The Declaration of the Rights of Man, and Olympe de Gouges’ The Declaration of the Rights of Women, readers are presented with the markedly different perspectives on revolution and reform that their authors held, painting a picture of ideals in revolutions separated by both an ocean and an inherent difference in perceptible motivation. Though each document mentioned is notably more progressive than the last in its criticisms of social inequalities, with The Declaration of the Rights of Man advocating for social justice at the outset, and The Declaration of Independence making no mention of social†¦show more content†¦Steeped in language of the Enlightenment, what are perhaps the document’s most famous words come early in the document: We hold these truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. (Kishlansky 98) Here, Jefferson draws from the writings of English philosopher John Locke, who wrote in his 1689 Treatise on Government of man’s right to preserve his, â€Å"life, liberty, and estate† (Kishlansky 28). Notably, however, Jefferson changes â€Å"estate† to â€Å"pursuit of Happiness.† While his motivations in doing so cannot be fully known, the idea that this was done in an attempt to conceal the financial nature of Jefferson’s and the other landowner’s concerns under the guise of philosophical principle is supported by the nature of the concerns which the author later details in his list of â€Å"abuses and usurpations† (Kishlansky 99), as deep amidst this list, which deals predominately with what Jefferson and other colonial legislators saw as an undermining of their legislative and sovereign authority by their British overlords, is nestled the crown’s offense of â€Å"imposing taxes on us without our Consent† (Kishlansky 99). The position of this abuse in the middle of the list, as opposed to on either end, speaks perhaps to Jefferson’s not wanting it toShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Women1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Women†, written by Olympe De Gouges, is a document that proves how in the 1790’ s women were trying to break-free from the belief that men have all the rights. This document was published in 1791 and it was made in comparison to the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† which was published in 1789. Olympe De Gouges wrote this document because she felt that despite having the French Revolution women were not receiving the rights they deserve. In the â€Å"Declaration of theRead MoreUniversal Declaration of Human Rights and Muslim Women785 Words   |  3 Pages(2011, 440) states that, â€Å"While women, like men, have an interest in enjoying ‘an elemental capacity for self-direction,’ the importance of this capacity is not conceded by all cultures.† It is important to note the significant influence culture has on women’s rights issues. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) raised a variety of questions dealing with the inference of the term â€Å"universal.† It infers that the declaration is meant to represent human rights in all countries, including thoseRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights Of Women And A Public Speech By Frederick Douglass933 Words   |  4 Pagestowards democracy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was announced in 1789, was arguably the foundations of the human rights and many constitutions in democratic countries like the Britain and America. The concept is based on the â€Å"natural rights† that were established as universal moral standards and it significantly influenced many revolutions, especially the American Revolution. Ironically, the idea of â€Å"natural rights† was not universal as the right s for women and slaves were excludedRead MoreWomen s Rights During The 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration And The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire945 Words   |  4 PagesThe women of America have struggled to gain the same equality as men. The 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire were two documents showing the mistreatment and the unfairness of women in the work place and America as a whole. Some people did not believe women had the same rights as men, but women thought otherwise and wanted their voice heard. The aspects of equality in the American Dream were unavailable to women because women were not given the same rights as menRead MoreWomen s Oppression During The Land Of The Free1336 Words   |  6 PagesSupposedly Land of the Free The Declaration of Independence represents justice, equality, and natural human rights. Written to liberate American citizens from British control, the document stood for the colonists to live as freely as they wished. As grand as this document is, the pronouns and terminology used throughout this document is in the eye of controversy when the rights and status of women become involved. Mary Wollstonecraft, writer of A Vindication of the Rights of Women, is a major forerunner ofRead MoreThe Declaration Of Sentiments By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1135 Words   |  5 Pageshave influenced the lives of women today, but possibly none more important than the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The declaration was able to make an extremely strong and memorable impact, not only for the ideas presented in it, but also for its strong rhetoric and use of figurative language such as anaphora and syntax; also, notable is its imitation of the â€Å"Declaration of Indep endence†. Though written over one hundred years ago, the declaration written at the Seneca FallsRead MoreSeneca Falls The First Women s Rights Convention937 Words   |  4 PagesSeneca Falls was the first women’s rights convention in the United States. The convention took place at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, NY, on July 19, 1848 (Seneca Falls Convention Begins). This convention was organized by two abolitionist named Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the help of Martha Wright, Mary Ann McClintock, and Jane Hunt. They posted the announcement in the Seneca County Courier on July 14, 1848. The message said â€Å"A Convention to discuss the social, civil, andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Beijing Declaration Of Indigenous Women1195 Words   |  5 Pageswhere thousands of women gathered to attend two significant events: The 1995 NGO Forum on Women and the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women.Approximately 31,000 women from more than 200 countries at tended the nongovernmental organization forum, compelled by the need to join the fast-growing, worldwide network of women who were determined to achieve equality, development, and peace. In the NGO Forum, UN fourth World conference on women in Huairou, Beijing, PROC, the primitive women present had comeRead MoreThe Declaration Of Sentiments By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1225 Words   |  5 Pages27 January 2015 Essay Contest: The Declaration of Sentiments In the Declaration of Sentiments, author Elizabeth Cady Stanton expresses her anger of the oppression experienced by women in the United States. After being rejected to attend the World’s Anti-Slavery convention in London, Stanton was frustrated because she was being rejected for being a woman. This motivated Stanton to share her own ideas on advocating women’s rights and changing the way women are treated in society because of the mistreatmentRead MoreWomen And Women During The French Revolution1413 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the French Revolution, namely 1789, men and women were both dealing with change in government, society, and many different aspects of life. Two documents that represent the rights of men and women are Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. These two documents are similar in content because they describe how men and women should be treated as equals in society. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen came first, and sparked

The Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard - 965 Words

The Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personal life rather than the actual historical legacies. The biography seems to have many personal bias opinions which makes the source hard to trust. One example from the text itself is when he describes King Charlemagne’s physical appearance, â€Å"His neck was short and rather thick, and his stomach a trifle too heavy, but the proportions of the rest of the body prevented from noticing these blemishes (Brophy, 250).† Even Though, the author describes the king with grea t details, he is positive throughout each text and avoids giving any flawed comments. Charlemagne in the historical context made many contributions to the modern world as well as the Carolingian dynasty during his reign. After his father passed away, he united the Franks and went to several conquest to expand his kingdom in 768 (Coffin, 176). Charlemagne was believed to be a very serious Christian king. In one of the longest conquest in Saxon, which lasted about 20 years, he had forced conversion to all the people whoShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Charlemagne by Einhard1388 Words   |  6 Pages Charlemagne is described by Janet Nelson as being a role model for Einhard. Einhard himself writes in the first paragraph of The Life of Charlemagne, â€Å"After I decided to write about the life, character and no small part of the accomplishments of my lord and foster father, Charles, that most excellent and deservedly famous king, I determined to do so with as much brevity as I could.† I feel that these are sincere words about the man who cared for Einhard. I feel that Einhard’s purpose for writingRead MoreEinhard s The Life Of Charlemagne878 Words   |  4 Pages Einhard’s The Life of Charlemagne is one of several prominent texts from Mediaeval Europe. The main focus of the text is on the life of Charlemagne, the Frankish king from the Carolingian dynasty. Under his rule, the Frankish kingdom experiences an extensive period of prosperity and growth, especially in intellectually related areas since Charlemagne himself is a well-known patron of the arts (#). Hence, Charlemagne is the ruler often credited for the â€Å"Roman revival† across Mediaeval Europe. InRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book For The Sake Of Posterity 986 Words   |  4 PagesEinhard, a German raised in the Carolingian court of Charlemagne wrote a vita as a tribute to his king around 825-826 called The Life of Charlemagne after the kings death. He wrote this book either at C harlemagne’s son King Louis’ court or at one of his numerous properties throughout the Frankish kingdom. Based on the didactic nature of the document and Einhard’s own saying that the book is â€Å"for the sake of posterity† it is likely that his writing was either meant as a historical book concerningRead MoreThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. WritingRead MoreCharlemagne Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCharlemagne, also known as Charles the Great and Charles I, was not only a king of France, but a commanding historical figure. Charlemagne is believed to have been born sometime around the year 742. He became King of the Franks in 768 and went on to become the Emperor of the Carolingian Empire in 800, before his death in 814. Charlemagne’s father, King Pepin (the short), officially put an end to the Merovingian line of kings to become King of the Franks, and willed that Francia be divided betweenRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreTwo Lives of Charlemagne1525 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The firstRead MoreCharles The Pious, Reign, The Life Of Charlemagne753 Words   |  4 PagesLouis the Pious’ reign, The Life of Charlemagne is a concise biography of the Frankish emperor, as written by a former member of his court, Einhard. This source provides historians with a first-hand account of Charlemagne’s activities and personality from someone close to him. It is important to first recognise the problems with this source. The clearest problem is Einhard’s personal attachment to his former Emperor, his account reflecting the affection he felt for Charlemagne. We know from Walahfrid’sRead MoreCharlemagne Essay examples1611 Words   |  7 PagesEinhards Life of Charlemagne, a very succinct description of King Charles ideals, beliefs, attitudes and traits are depicted along with his lifes territorial as well as mental conquests illustrated. Charlemagne was a man with a vision of a utopian society united under Christianity in its glorious form in an almost Camelot like kingdom. Einhards literary work gives society an insight into King Charles and what made him capable of being Augustus. As indicated by Einhard, Charlemagne was a man

Diversity Training Needs Assessment - 1822 Words

Completing a Needs Assessment for Diversity Training In the 1980s, diversity training mainly consisted of training people to be aware of differences in gender and race in the workplace, and by the 1990s, diversity training was at the forefront of innovative training for business managers, addressing such issues as age, sexual orientation, ethnic background, and religion (Koonce, 2001, para 45). According to Dr. Elaine K. Miller of the College of Business at Colorado State University, there is a driving force behind the push to embrace diversity in a business organization: The changing US demographics, increasing globalization of business and pursuit of effective competition make it imperative for companies to implement programs for†¦show more content†¦One indicator is the diversity of the workforce within that particular organization, which can be complicated when skilled managers are brought in from outside to manage an organization with employees that may have a different culture. Corporate and independent diversity trainers say that the need for diversity programs is escalating. As companies expand their operations overseas and into new markets, theres a need to tap resident employee and leadership talent in those markets. Global sourcing of leaders is poised to become the next big leadership development trendÂ… (Koonce, 2001, para 15). Another reason that diversity training may be needed in an organization is when there are obvious gaps in understanding between different people, caused by a variety of factors such as gender, age, race, ethnicity, or any other discriminating factor. For example, are there cliques that have formed in the franchise along gender, age, racial or ethnic lines? Or is there simply no diversity in the organization, and are you trying to attract more diverse employees? All of these situations are examples of organizations in which diversity training can be of great help to managers and employees alike. Key Players in Diversity Training There are many possible key players in diversity training. In the case of a McDonalds franchise, the franchise owner probably has the largest stake in success of that organization. Therefore, it would be important for the franchise owner toShow MoreRelatedBusiness Economic1655 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreThe Importance of Managing Diversity906 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Managing Diversity â€Å"Diversity can be considered and dimension that differentiates a person from another† (Noe, p 432). Diversity brings considerable benefits. Decision making and improved problem solving are great examples of what diversity can help with. Diversity also brings greater creativity and innovation, which leads to better product development; and more successful marketing to different types of customers. Diversity provides organizations with the ability to competeRead MoreUnit 21672 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreOrganizational Behaviour the Pros and Cons.1634 Words   |  7 PagesElements of successful organizational diversity Management. Why is organizational diversity important? Historically, diversity in the workplace has been recognized as an employment equity issue. Now, however, diversity in the workplace is being recognized as a benefit that will contribute to an organizations bottom line. Increased employee and customer satisfaction end up as increased productivity, all of which are measurable outcomes (Goff, 1998). Diversity goes beyond employment equity toRead MoreCross Cultural Leadership And Diversity975 Words   |  4 PagesA511.8.4.CM - Leadership Concept Map Chapters 14 Cross-cultural Leadership and Diversity Globalization and changing demographic patterns are making it more important for leaders to understand how to influence and manage people with different values, beliefs, and expectations. There has been more leadership research on cross†cultural aspects and gender differences than on other types of diversity (Ospina Foldy, 2009). Importance of Cross-cultural Research Leaders must also be able to understandRead MoreDiscrimination and Young People706 Words   |  3 Pages2010 Title Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity 1.2 Explain the importance of promoting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access 1.3 Explain the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young peopleRead MoreGallery Place Plaza And Maritime Plaza1259 Words   |  6 PagesCenters were created to encourage and support not only local hiring, but also to serve as a resource for hundreds of construction contractors, subcontractors, service contractors and supplier to market their hiring needs as well as have space to provide resources, conduct interviews, assessments, and hiring events. The main Job Center at Blue Plains was also created with the intent of serving as a compliance hub from which LSCâ₠¬â„¢s team of Compliance Officers monitor and manage not only employment complianceRead MoreCultural Influences On The Health Care Delivery System1482 Words   |  6 Pages(Riegelman, Kirkwood, 2015). These diversities influence patient interactions in the health care delivery system. Consequently, cultural influences have led to various disparities in healthcare. A culturally competent healthcare organization is one that recognizes the influences of culture and the subsequent disparities created. These organizations have focused efforts which tailor their delivery of care in order to meet the cultural, social, and linguistic needs of their patients (Purnell et alRead MoreThe Cultural Diversity Self Assessment811 Words   |  4 Pagesof excellence, improvements can be made by continued education and awareness. Awareness of areas I need growth in builds on my existing knowledge and skills. In this paper, I will identify areas of weaknesses and strengths in my cultural competency skills as well as strategies that will improve my transcultural nursing care. I have identified these areas using the Cultural Diversity Self-Assessment. Achieving a total score of 104, this tool has allowed me to target my weaknesses and create a planRead MoreEmployee Development Process For Loving Shepherd Early Learning Center1195 Words   |  5 Pagesright pe rson for the job is only the first step in ensuring that the person you have hired will be successful in your organization. Providing orientation, training and development, and a job performance appraisal is imperative in making sure that your employees know what to do, how to do it, and are given every chance to be effective. This assessment will provide a summary of the employee development process for Loving Shepherd Early Learning Center (LSELC), a ministry of Golden Valley Lutheran Church

Health Care - 1474 Words

Health Care Reform Pros and Cons Halcyone Russell Strayer University Professor Beth Cox Politics, Policy And Ethics in Public Sector- PAD 510 December 2, 2011 Scientific evidence can be used in showing the positives of the Health Care Reform. If you lost your job next week your insurance would likely go with it. Excluding temporary programs like COBRA, losing your job basically means losing your health insurance too. Sure you can buy your own, but that can get expensive and there are often holes in the policy than with employer provided health insurance. Under a universal system, you don’t have to worry. Imagine you had to pay each month for access to use the police. If you lost your job and couldn’t afford the police bill and†¦show more content†¦Bloated bureaucracies are sort of an American icon. We set up massive social welfare programs and they are abused by citizens and politicians alike. If a US universal healthcare plan were to generate a surplus, our idiot government would then borrow from it and ruin the whole system for everyone. The simple fact is our government can’t be trusted to handle so cial programs, whether it is from bureaucratic or demographic mismanagement. Anecdotal evidence can be used to show the cons of having the Health care Reform example if Patient care under Medicare will improve as pilot programs to improve efficiencies are implemented. Doctors and hospitals are encouraged to coordinate care through payment incentives. For the first time, Medicare will reward quality, not quantity; thus, bonus payments will be given to those doctors and hospitals that provide good quality care. The Constitution gives Congress the power to tax and spend money for the general welfare. This tax [PPACA] promotes the general welfare because it makes health care more widely available and affordable. Under existing law, therefore, the tax is clearly constitutional. Many important and popular government programs are based [on] Congresss ability to give incentives through taxation and redistribute tax revenues for public purposes. To strike down the individual mandate the Supreme Court would have to undermine many years of precedents justifying these programs thatShow MoreRelatedThe Health Of Health Care983 Words   |  4 PagesHealth care has evolved throughout the years. The factors that have made health care evolve are the costs of health insurance, research on the advancement of medicine and diseases, technology, etc. Regardless of the factors, health and medicine have acknowledged and treated illnesses that society at one point may have thought cureless. But what is better tha n treating a disease or any kind of harm, physically and psychologically? Preventing it. Preventive care is like the guardian angel on people’sRead MoreHealth Care1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthese are the types of grievances in which health care officials are faced with. 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Effectiveness of the Rhetorical Devices Used in the...

In this assignment there will be an analysis of the effectiveness of the rhetorical devices used in two of the articles in the assignment. First, I will address two of the rhetorical devices that were presented in â€Å"Ban Outsourcing? Bad Idea† by Manjeet Kripalani. Second, I will review the rhetorical devices that were presented in the article â€Å"Outsourcing: the good, the bad and the inevitable†, by Cindy Kibbe. The articles are both strong in opinion and detail with persuasive arguments; the analysis will review the validity, logic, accuracy, misleading statements, ambiguity, and credibility of each article. Ban Outsourcing? Bad Idea by Manjeet Kripalani Accomplished journalist, Manjeet Kripalani, in the article, â€Å"Ban Outsourcing? Bad†¦show more content†¦There is misleading information provided, as there is not validity to the backlash that is stated. The second statement, Kripalani used the loaded language and comparisons, â€Å"Just as jobs are a crucial issue in the upcoming U.S. election, jobs are an issue in India, too† (Kripalani, 2004). The loaded language and comparisons are used to make the readers beliefs and feelings affected by what it is compared to. It is a type of association to an issue that they also have to deal with on a personal level. This will also try to clarify the claim that is made by Kripalani in her article. This statement is effective in the persuasion on the sheer fact that many countries in 2004 were in fact feeling the economic issues. Even if this statement contains truth to the times, it is can be considered a group ambiguous statement as it is made to a group of readers. Do to the world wide economic constraints there is no reason that India was not also affected by the down turn in the employment statistics. An upturn and a light to the change for the economy came when there was the first multinational government contract to have Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft join forces with an India based company (Kripalani, 2004). The validity of this argument can be verified in the Bloomberg View article by Chandrahas Choudhury that states â€Å"The malaise is particularly serious in the manufacturing sector, which shed as many as 5 million jobs between 2004 and

Causes and Stages of Cancer Free Essays

Introduction The World Heath Organisation (2011) estimates that without intervention 84 million people will die from cancer between 2005 and 2015. In 2008 156,723 people died in the UK alone of malignant neoplasm and 1 in 3 people will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. There were 12. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Stages of Cancer or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7 million new cases diagnosed worldwide in the same year which led to 7.6 million deaths. (Cancer Research UK, 2011). There are over 200 different types of cancer but lung, breast, prostate and colorectal account for over 50% of cancer cases. The percentage of deaths caused by cancer varies by region with 4% in Africa, 12% in Asia, 19% in Europe, 21% in Oceania and 23% in North America (National Cancer Institute, 2010). Cancer is used to define the group of diseases in which extensive cellular proliferation occurs alongside the invasion of surrounding tissues. Cancer cells can spread through the body via the blood and lymph systems and ultimately cause death of multi-cellular organisms (National Cancer Institute, 2010). Cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations which leads to instability of genetic regulators and alters gene expression. Cancer represents not a single disease but a group of heterogeneous diseases that share the fundamental biological characteristics of immortalisation, invasion, genetic instability, erratic differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 2008). Despite advances in detection and treatment of metastatic cancer, specifically breast, mortality rates still remain high because current therapies are limited by the emergence of therapy resistant cancer cells (Al-Hajj, et al, 2003). It has been documented that tumorous cells possess key stem cell characteristics such as high migration, self-renewal, drug resistance and extensive differentiation which leads to the production of a heterogeneous population. Tissue specific cells are able to self-renew and produce differentiated and functional cells within an organ. These differentiated cells are short lived and are produced from a small pool of long lived stem cells which lasts throughout the organism’s lifetime (Seo, 2007). Stem cells are essential for tissue development, replacement and repair however their longevity means they are susceptible to the accumulation of genetic damage and thereby providing a growth route for cancer recurrence following treatment (Clarke, 2005). Dean, Fojo and Bates (2005) suggest that cancer stem cells can survive chemotherapy and sustain the re-growth of a malignant tumour. Therefore if cancer stem cells are present in a tumour then they must be targeted in order to achieve a cure. Prospectively identifying cancer stem cells will allow investigation of the pathways and key molecules that can be targeted to eliminate these malignant cells (Clarke Fuller, 2006). There have been many studies which imply the existence of a sub-population of cells within tumours termed cancer stem cells which drive tumourgenesis. This paper therefore aims to isolate and characterise different sub-populations of cancer stem cells through physiological stress in human and murine models (DLD-1 and CT-26 respectively). There has been extensive evidence that CD133 and CD44 are reliable cancer stem cell markers therefore it can be hypothesised that CD133 and CD44 positive cells would demonstrate resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This statement formed the basis of the protocol developed by Sharma (2010) where the novel technique of exposing parental cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in-vitro to isolate cells resistant to drug exposure. The resulting cells will them be characterised by their ability to form spheroids and the performance of Q-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting to identify the presence of the CD133, CD44 and CD26 specific cancer stem cell markers. The ultimate aim is then perform microarray on parental and cancer stem cell populations to compare the difference in gene expression of the two populations. Literature Review On a cellular level cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation which enables abnormal growth leading to cancerous tumours. Just 5-10% of cancer cases can be attributed to genetic defects whereas the remaining cases (in order of influence) are a result of environmental factors such as diet, tobacco, infections, obesity, alcohol, radiation, stress and physical activity (Anand, et al, 2008). These factors lead to tumour growth as they induce DNA alterations or loss of the ability to repair DNA damage which deregulates standard gene expression (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 1998). Carcinogenesis is the term used to define the creation of cancer by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. This is due to the accumulation of genetic mutations and the resultant misbalance in cell death and proliferation (King Robins, 2006). Cell production is a complicated process which is kept in apoptosis via cell regulation by numerous classes of genes including oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 1998). Carcinogenesis occurs when there is a genetic mutation which upsets the normal balance between cell death and proliferation. The multi-step process is driven by the accumulation of genetic alterations which gives rise to highly malignant derivatives which have the ability to elude apoptosis, invade tissues and possess unlimited potential for replication (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000). The inheritance of a defective gene itself is not sufficient for development of cancer. Cancer manifests from the accumulation of additional somatic mutation s which occur as a result of imperfect DNA replication or DNA damage caused by environmental mutagens. Genes that, when mutated, lead to cancer predisposition normally have the function of suppressing tumourgeneis. If one allele of such gene mutates in the germ line then the cell still has the product of the wild type as a back up. If a mutation occurs in the wild type then the cell has no functional suppressor gene product remaining. The cell therefore proliferates abnormally leading to clonal expansion. Cells of proliferating clones are likely to accumulate another mutation resulting in further loss of growth control. As gradual clonal expansion takes place a tumour evolves. Oncogenes and cell suppressor cells control cell proliferation, a mutation here leads to the cells to become continually active. Caretaker genes control rates of mutation, defective caretakers therefore acquire mutations (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 1998). The three stages of carcinogenesis are promotion, proliferation and progression. Changes in the genomes structure occur across all three of the stages of neoplasm development. Additionally changes in gene expression take place at cell promotion with selective proliferation of mutation cells. Apoptosis and cell proliferation occur at different rates but still maintain a balance during initiation and promotion but during progression the balance alters and a malignancy arises as seen in figure 1 (Oliveira, 2007). The fundamental progression features of malignancies are invasion and metastasis and it is these traits which distinguish between normal and cancerous cells. Metastasis is characterised as the migration of cancer cells from the site of origin to a secondary point through the lymphatic system, connective tissues and blood supply. At this secondary point the cells then continue to invade and form new tumours (Hanahan, 2000). Cancer immunoediting has been described as the conflicting action of the immune system to protect the host from cancer development through immunosurveillance and promote tumour growth by the promoting action of immunity (Smyth, Gunn and Schreiber, 2006). The interaction of the innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity dictates the intensity of the outcome of the endogenous anti-cancer response. Stress induced molecules on tumour cells initiates the innate response and presentation and processing of tumour associates antigens leads to an adaptive response. Both of these responses can affect the tumour in different ways. The endogenous reaction could suppress tumour formation whilst at the same time exerting a selection pressure leading to the emergence of escape variants. Additionally the host’s immune response could directly promote tumour growth, invasion and metastasis via elaboration of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. There is a complex network of interactions between tumour cells, immune elements and stromal components in the microenvironment (Jinushi and Dranoff, 2007). However currently only the capability of the immune system to identify and kill cancer cells forms the basis of therapeutic strategies and immunotherapy (Schulz, 2005). Modifications in immunotherapy protocols have been proposed to lessen the effect cancer and improve the therapeutic value of immunological approaches by targeting the elimination of cancer stem cells (Lepisto, McKolanis Finn, 2007). Stem cells originate from the haematopoietic tissue and can be characterised by the unlimited capacity to self renew, which is the result of increases telomere activity (Huntly Gilliand, 2005) and the ability to terminally differentiate into one or more cell types, which is regulated by a niche signalling pathway system (Spradling, Drummond-Barbosa Kai, 2001). The capacity of stem cells to form differentiated offspring is described in terms of their differentiation potential (Friel, Van der Sar Mee, 2005). Totipotent cells have the ability to construct a complete organism, pluripotent cells are descendants of totipotent cells and can differentiate into almost all cells, multipotent cells differentiate into a specific family of cells, oligopotent cells differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid cells and omnipotent cells are only able to produce their own cell type but have the ability of self renewal which distinguishes them from other non-stem cells (Knoepffler, Schipanski Sorgner, 2007). The differentiation of stem cells is regulated by a niche signalling pathway system (Spradling et al, 2001). It has been suggested that cancer stem cells are displaced due to lack of heritable changes in phenotype and genetic alteration leading to an absence in cancer however when stem cells were placed in defective tissue they induced tumour growth (Clarke Fuller, 2006). Charafe-Jauffret, Monville and Ginester (2008) clarify the existence of cancer stem cells which possess tumorgenic, self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation abilities. Cancer stem cells are defined as a sub-population of cells in a tumour capable of generating phenotypically assorted cells (Gao, 2007). This petite population is accountable for the relapse of tumour growth, progress and invasion after treatment (Clarke Fuller, 2008). Although the concept that germ cells are responsible for oncogenesis has existed since 1855 the first conclusive evidence of cancer stem cell existence was that by Bonnet and Dick (1997) who isolated a CD34+/CD38– sub-population of leukemic cells which were capable of initiating tumours in NOD/SCID mice histologically similar to the donor. The cancer stem cell hypothesis states that the cancer initiating cell is a transformed tissue stem cell which retains the property of self protection through the activity of multiple drug resistant transporters. This drug resistant cell then remains at a low frequency amongst a tumour mass (Donndenberg Donndenberg, 2005). The cancer stem cell theory points to a new era of ca ncer research and is expected to yield alternative cancer treatments. It is now evident that tumours include cancer stem cells which can be isolated by antigenic markers and have the potential to develop into non-adherent spheroids (Wright et al, 2008). This concept has challenged the previous hypothesis that carcinogenesis is a result of ‘clonal evolution’ where every cell present in a tumour is capable of proliferating and forming new tumours (Max et al, 2006). Cancer stem cells have similar properties to stem cells such as similar molecular mechanisms and physiological trafficking which implies that cancer stem cells are a result of consecutive accumulated mutations in embryonic stem cells (Kucia Ratajckzak, 2006). This is supported by the correlation seen in the signalling pathways associated with maintenance of ‘stemness’ in embryonic cells and cancer pathways. These pathways such as JAK/STAT, Notch, MAPK/ERK, P13k/AKT, NF-GB and Wnt are not only inv olved in stem cell renewal governing proliferation but also express key molecules associated with malignant phenotypes which leads to tumour growth (Dreesen Brivanlou, 2007). It has therefore been deduced that normal stem cells are transformed into cancer stem cells via mutations in suppressor genes and oncogenses and mutations in repair genes and histone modifications (Costa, et al, 2006). Embryonic stem cells are dependent on the specialised microenvironment in which they reside. This niche prevents tumorgenesis by supplying signals to inhibit differentiation and proliferation. Additional signals are also provided to allow stem cell promotion, self-renewal or differentiation when necessary (Scadden, 2006). Stem cells are dependent on this niche for survival alternatively cancer stem cells do not appear to be dependant on this niche in the same way. Some believe that cancer stem cells have evolved to escape the control of a local environment whereas an additional theory suggests the cells do reside in a niche which has undergone changes itself which encourages cell growth (Burness Sipkins, 2010). Cancer stem cells are thought to evolve from an intrinsic mutation leading to self-sufficient proliferation and deregulation as the cancer cell overtakes the molecular machinery used by normal stem cells (Li Neaves, 2006). These tumour initiating cells are the source of recu rring tumours in many types of cancer (Foltz et al, 2009). Cancer stem cells make up less than 5% of a tumour and have been found in blood-borne, brain, breast, ovarian and colon cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2010). These cells are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy and in order to develop successful therapy it is essential to identify the cell surface markers unique to cancer stem cells and interpret their signalling pathways, figure 2 (Foltz et al, 2009). Figure 2: The impact of cancer stem cells on tumour growth and response therapy. A: Subset of cells within the tumour has the ability to replicate and sustain tumour growth. TA cell is suspected to be responsible for a majority of tumour growth and is susceptible to cancer therapy. Cancer stem cells give rise to identical immortal daughter cells. B: Possible outcome of targeting tumour cancer stem cells verses present cancer therapy techniques which do not affect cancer stem cells (Houghton et al, 2007). The developmental concept of cancer denotes the presence of a hierarchy of cells within a tumour which refers to the differences of cancer cells within a tumour where all cells do not express the same antigens. Additionally functional assays show that only a specific sub-population of cells within a tumour can propagate tumour growth. It appears that cancer cells capable of tumour growth are able to self-renew as well as generate cells which cannot propagate tumour growth (Cho Clarke, 2008). Cancer stem cells have therefore developed the ability for self-renewal and differentiation into a heterongenous population as well as the tumour related properties of uncontrolled growth and ability to form metastasis (Dalerba, et al, 2007). The ability that cancer stem cells share with stem cells to renew has changed perspectives leading to new approaches to treating the disease (Li and Neaves, 2006). Cancer stem cells show resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy making them a crucial target for treatment, it is therefore essential to identify the markers present on these cells in order to therapeutically target them (Foltz, et al, 2009). Current therapeutic strategies attempt to target cancer stem cells and its microenvironment whereas Tang, Ang Pervaiz (2007) identified a novel approach of targeting the reactive oxygen species in a cancer stem cell which would facilitate apoptotic death over proliferation. Additionally the development of monoclonal antibodies to recognise cancer stem cell markers would allow for more efficient destruction of these tumour forming cells (Okamoto Perez, 2008). The use of immunocompromised mouse model have shown to reliably capulate the molecular, biological and clinical features of the human disease. With such models defining the stages of tumour development, homogenised breeding and environmental conditions. This has therefore led to the development of the concept that plasma from genetically modified cancer models contains tumour derived proteins that may be relevant in the development of markers for human cancer (Kuick, et al, 2007). There are numerous studies which cites the use of immuno-comprised mice as vehicles for cancer stem cell isolation. Mouse models have been established as highly trusted in the development of human cancer treatment through verify the cancer stem cell extent of a tumour. This has been achieved by the opening and repetitive tumour progression in immuno-compromised SCID mice (Laurie, et al, 2007). http://tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/1/62.full.pdf+html Current developed methods to isolate ‘adult’ stem cell populations includes collection of different hematopoietic cells populations staining with the antibodies of interest and sorting by magnetic bead and/or fluorescence activated cell sorters (FACS) followed by in vivo transplant experiments. This allows for the development of understanding of fundamental hematopoietic stem cell characteristics of differentiation and the ability of the cells to give rise to others cells with the same potential for proliferation whilst still maintaining the stem cell pool Cho Clarke, 2008). Additional characterisation of cancer stem cells can be carried out by identifying gene expression and cell markers via immunofluorescence, western blotting and Q-PCR. It has been stated that an immature cell population can be characterised by surface markers CD34+ and CD38+ in AML and that these markers suggest the ability of initiating tumour development (Bonnet Dick 1997). Furthermore the use of a low-adherent growth environment can be used to produce spheroids from tumorgenic cells as a basis of isolation of cancer stem cells (Grange, et al, 2008) As it has been identified that a small minority of cells present in a tumour has the ability to form new tumours. It is therefore possible to distinguish between tumorgenic and non-tumorgenic cells based on the cell surface marker expression. Al-Hajj, et al (2003) were able to isolate breast cancer cells expressing CD44+ and CD24– lineage in as few as 100 cells with tumorgenic capabilities and identified hundreds of thousands of cells with a different phenotype which failed to form new tumours. Furthermore passaging the CD44+ and CD24– lineage led to the creation of phenotypically diverse populations. Sherman, et al (2011) also identified CD133 expression correlated with prognosis of oligodendroglial and astrocytic tumors and here immunofluorescence provided an effective and reproducible assay for identifying marke rs present in cancer stem cells. Fundamentally cancer is resistant to treatment because malignant cells survive chemotherapy, CD133 positive cancer stem cells display strong compatibility with tumours resistant to chemotherapy (Liu, et al, 2006). The use of immunofluorescence to characterise cancer stem cells has been used in a great deal of cases especially where total cell count is reduced CD44+ and CD24+ can be used for markers of colorectal cancer stem cells. CD44/CD24 cells are enriched for spheroid colonies and can reform all four CD44/CD24 subpopulations (Yeung, Wilding Bodmer, 2009). Additionally a population of CD26+ cells present in a sub-population of colorectal cancer stem cells led to the development of distant metastasis when injected into a mouse cecal wall. These CD26+ cells were also associated with enhanced invasiveness and chemoresistance (Pang, et al, 2010). Lgr-5 has also been identified as a key marker expressed in cancer stem cells of colorectal cancer associated with the activation of the Wnt signalling pathway which plays a key role in cancer development (Takahashi, et al, 2010). The first report indicating the difference in gene expression of cancer cells exhibiting cancer stem cell properties and those which did not was published in 2007 by Seo, et al. Amongst the 61 differently expressed genes 12 genes were considered up-regulated in the sub-population whereas 49 were downgraded validation of these gene expressions was validated using quantitative real time reverse transcriptase PCR. It was found that genes related to drug resistance such as AKR1C1/C2 and NR0B1, or cancer metastasis (TM4SF1) were up-regulated. Further more the up-regulated gene ABCG2 could be of use as an indicator for sorting. AKR1C has been identified as a catalyst of metabolic reduction and either activates or inactivates several xenobiotics. The public database (Gene expression Omnibus) has shown significant up-regulation in expression of AKR1C1 in smokers. Reference AL-HAJJ, M., et al. 2003. Prospective identification of tumorgenic breast cancer cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 100(7), pp. 3983-3988. ANAND, P., et al. 2008. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharmaceutical Research, 25(9), pp. 2097-2116. BONNET, D. DICK, J. 1997. Human acute myeloid leukaemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nature Medicine, 3(7), pp. 730-737. BURNESS, M. SIPKINS, D. 2010. The stem cell niche in health and malignancy. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 20(2), pp. 107-115. CHO, R. CLARKE, M. 2008. Recent advances in cancer stem cells. Current Opinions in Genetics Development, 18(1), pp. 48-53. CLARKE, M. FULLER, M. 2006. Stem cells and cancer: two faces of evil. Cell, 124(6), pp. 1111-1115. CLARKE, R. 2005. Isolation and characterization of human mammary stem cells. Cell Proliferation, 38(6), pp. 375-386. COSTA, F., LE BLANC, K. BRODIN, B. 2006. Cancer/testis antigens, stem cells and cancer. Stem Cells, 25(3), pp. 707-711. DALEBRA, P., et al. 2007. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 104(24), pp. 10158-10163. DREESEN, O. BRIVANLOU, A. 2007. Signalling pathways in cancer and embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reviews, 3(1), pp. 7-17. FRIEAL, R., VAN DER SAR, S. MEE, P. Embryonic stem cells: understanding their history, cell biology and signalling. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 57(13), pp. 1894-1903. GAO, J. 2008. Cancer stem cells: the lessons learnt from pre-cancerous stem cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 12(1), pp. 67-96. GRANGE, C., et al. 2008. Sca-1 indentifies the tumor-initiating cells in mammary tumors of BALB-neuT transgenic mice. Neoplasia, 10(12), pp. 1433-1443. HANAHAN, D. 2000. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100(1), pp. 57-70. HANAHAN, D. WEINBERG, R. 2000. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100, pp. 57-70. HOUGHTON, J., et al. 2007. Stem cells and cancer. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 17, pp. 191-203. HUNTLY, B. GILLIAND, G. 2005. Leukaemia stem cells and the evolution of cancer stem cell research. Nature Reviews Cancer, 5(4), pp. 311-321. JINUSHI, M. DRANOFF, G. 2007. Immunosurveillance: innate and adaptive antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunotherapy: Immune Suppression and Tumor Growth, pp. 29-41 KING, R. ROBINS, M. 2006. Cancer Biology. 3rd Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. KNOEPFFLER, N., SCHIPANSKI, D. SORGNER, S. 2007. Human biotechnology as social challenge: an interdisciplinary introduction to bioethics. England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. KUCIA, M. RATAJCZJAK, M. 2006. Stem cells as a two edged sword-from regeneration to tumour formation. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(7), pp. 5-16. KUICK, R., et al. 2007. Discovery of cancer biomarkers through the use of mouse models. Cancer Letters, 249(1), pp. 40-48. LEPISTO, A., MCKOLANIS, J. FINN, O. 2007. Cancer immunotherapy: challenges and opportunities. Cancer Immunotherapy: Immune Suppression and Tumor Growth, pp. 167-181. LI, L. NEAVES, W. 2006. Normal stem cells and cancer stem cells: the niche matters. Cancer Research, 66(9), pp. 4553-4557. LUI, G., et al. 2006. Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Molecular Cancer, 5(1), pp. 67-79. MAX, L., et al. 2006. Electrocervical potentials: are they pathognomonic of cancerCancer, 6(1), pp. 77-79. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, 2011. What is cancer[online]. US National Institute of Health. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer [Accessed on 7th February 2011]. OKAMOTO, O. PEREZ, J. 2008. Targeting cancer stem cells with monoclonal antibodies: a new perspective in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 8(4), pp. 387-393. OLIVEIRA, P., et al. 2007. Chemical carcinogenesis. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 79(4). PANG, R., et al. 2010. A Subpopulation of CD26+ Cancer Stem Cellshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B8G3V-5075DHJ-R_user=2471587_coverDate=06%2F04%2F2010_alid=1706053035_rdoc=4_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_zone=rslt_list_item_cdi=41804_st=13_docanchor=view=c_ct=4194_acct=C000057461_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=2471587md5=c4c6cd7408c3db836492bfe7e2665c5esearchtype=a – hit2 with Metastatic Capacity in Human Colorectal Cancer. Cell Stem Cell, 6(6), pp. 603-615. SCADDEN, D. 2006. The stem-cell niche as an entity of action. Nature, 441 (7097), pp. 1075-1079. SCHULZ, W., 2005, Molecular biology of human cancers: an advanced student’s textbook. The Netherlands: Springer. SEO, D., et al. 2007. Gene expression profiling of cancer stem cells in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. SHARMA, M. 2010. Cancer stem cell isolation and characterisation in murine models. MRes thesis, Nottingham Trent University. SPRADLING, A., DRUMMOND-BARBOSA, D. KAI, T. 2001. Stem cells find their niche. Nature, 414(6859), pp. 98-104. TAKAHASHI, H., et al. 2010. Significance of Lgr5(+ve) cancer stem cells in the colon and rectum. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 18(4), pp. 1166-1174. TANG, C., ANG, B. PERVAIZ, S. 2007. Cancer stem cell: target for anti-cancer therapy, The FASEB Journal, 21(14), pp. 3777-3784. VOGELSTEIN, B. KINZLER, K. 1998. The genetic basis of human cancer. 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION, 2011. World cancer day [online]. World Health Organisation. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/annual/world_cancer_day/en/ [Accessed on 7th February 2011]. WRIGHT, M., et al. 2008. Brca1 breast tumours contain distinct CD44+/CD24- and CD133+ cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. Breast Cancer Research, 10(2), p. 105. YEUNG, T., WILDING, J. BODMER, W. 2009. Colorectal cancer stem cells: characterization and functional analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(15). P. 4124. KUICK, R., et al. 2007. Discovery of cancer biomarkers through the use of mouse models. Cancer Letters, 249(1), pp. 40-48. How to cite Causes and Stages of Cancer, Essay examples

Live performance theatre Essay Example For Students

Live performance theatre Essay On Friday 9th March 2012 I attended a live performance of one of the West Ends longest running plays; The Woman in Black written by Susan Hill and adapted by Stephen Mallarat at The fortune theatre. The play proved to be a truly spine chilling experience and captured its audience from the start by using various (literary techniques) performance aspects such as sound, lighting, costume and props. Set in 1920’s England focussed around number of different venues, one of them being an empty Victorian theatre to begin with, and the former market town of Crythin Gifford. However the action centres on the Eel Marsh House; an old building in the middle of a marsh island which is also the previous residence of Mrs Drablow. It comprises of only two characters an elderly Arthur Kipps ‘whose story has to be told’, and a young actor who performs the story of the once junior solicitor. The director combines tone and atmosphere along with certain effective cinematic qualities of a horror/thriller film to achieve the plays chilling effect. The small stage and intimate quality of The Fortune Theatre made for the perfect venue and intensified the overall experience for the audience because we felt a part of the action, every creek of the floorboards; every daunting footstep was audible and added to the play’s terrifying demeanour. The action cleverly takes place in the very theatre in which we are sitting, and opens with a solicitor Arthur Kipps reading from a diary, then enters a young actor who criticizes his feeble delivery, Arthur Kipps goes on to seek the young actors opinion on how best to voice his experience of the events of 30 years prior, and so they commence to perform the terrifying tale. The director utilises an extremely minimalistic set, with the props taking on numerous uses, a large wicker props basket makes for a desk, train carriage, a horse and cart and a bed; Adding to the minimalistic theme established a simple changing of coats denotes a new character, and despite its simplicity it couldn’t have been more effective. The audience are transported to the past as the young actor plays Arthur Kipps whilst Kipps himself narrates as well as taking on the role of all the people he came across during his fateful journey to the bleak North East of England. His purpose is to attend the funeral of former client Mrs Alice Drablow and sort out some of her papers. Kipps discovers that Mrs Drablow inhabited the gothic mansion alone for more than 60 years and later died there; the house is presented to the audience by projection of an image onto the thin curtains of the stage. The events that follow become increasingly more dreadful as during the funeral Kipps catches sight of The Woman in Blacks’ gaunt, wasted and pale face in the distance and from then on terrible consequences occur. Her influence grows as the play reaches its climax and Kipps delves further into the ghastly truth of what happened all those years ago and the ghost that now haunts the house’s terrible purpose. Lighting used to great effect throughout the play to give it another dimension and add to the tension, for example a bright light was used when the actors were in the office thus indicating the story was not being told, however we, the audience were transported into the past when a dim, half- light was used whilst the story was being performed, this clearly distinguished between the two as well as giving a disturbing quality. Spot lights were used to isolate certain images projected, important parts of the set and the actors horrified facial expressions at key moments in the play for example when Kipps discovered the writing on the grave stone of Alice Drablow. Whilst Kipps is exploring the mansion at night a single torch offers the only light on stage, the effect of this is to  Susan Keats candidate number: 7865 centre number: 22066  increase tension and maximise to shock of any unexpected discovery. The audience engaged with the actor at this point and felt that they were a part of the action as they know no more than what Kipps does. .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 , .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .postImageUrl , .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 , .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:hover , .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:visited , .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:active { border:0!important; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:active , .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8 .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65d988428834cddc1b574f153762fef8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bottom lines EssaySound, both diegetic and non-diegetic were also used effectively during the play, for example whilst the actors were in the horse and carriage the noisy sound effects of hoofs and the clatter of the carriage was utilised, movement was linked to this as the actors were jerked around in the carriage especially going over humps, this made the play more realistic and credible as well as offering a certain comedic value, it lightened the mood which is essential in any horror performance, film or theatre as it lures the audience into a false sense of security which then heightens the shock and alarming quality of the moment/scene that follows. Another time sound is employed is when the blood curdling scream is heard numerous times throughout, this startles the audience and kept us on edge as we never know when it was going to come. To give the play another dimension a voiceover of Mrs Drablow simultaneously reading an old letter with Kipps fills the theatre, this captures the audience and creates an eerie atmosphere sending a chill down the audience’s spine, as realisation hits us we make connections and the plot develops. There are numerous other times where sound is utilised to produce the plays frightening attributes. Whilst Kipps is asleep the night he decides to stay over at the Drablow house night, he is suddenly woken by the imaginary dog, ‘Spider’, who was taken along to provide Kipps with some desperately required company and sense of security, he senses something, an ominous rocking noise is then heard in a distant quarter of the house and continues as Kipps decides to investigate, he ascends the staircase gradually, closely followed by ‘Spider’; this is where his footsteps are made audible adding to the tension of the moment. As he arrives at a door and stops outside the audience notice that the rocking noise has become quieter. Music is also used to add to the plays eeriness, a child’s music box is played during his discovery of an infant’s room. However in contrast to this, music is also employed to give the play a lighter feel for example the music of a fair ground is used at the end despite its spine chilling twist. Dry ice was also used to high effect at times to create the illusion of a foggy marsh that surrounded the mansion. This gave a sense of apprehension and foreboding as well as creating mystery and an impression of the unknown which in turn contributed to the uneasy quality of the play. In spite of the plays obvious horrifying qualities at times in did have comedic values that eased the tension. The overall thrilling experience of the play was unfortunately tarnished by the frustrating untimely screams of the young school girls seated around me which at times frightened me more than the actual goings on of the performance in front of me. Despite this, for the most part of the play I was either kept on the edge of my seat or had closed eyes in anticipation and dread of what was going to happen. The performance included a range of acting techniques, lighting, and sound effects, the actors themselves David Acton as Arthur Kipps and Den Deery as The Actor are to be credited for their effective use of communication, miming, body language, proxemics and voice modulation. They delivered a truly amazing and credible performance as they captured the essence of the characters. However at times of shocking moments I think they should have waited for the audience to quieten before they started their next line as it was sometimes unclear. It is evident that the director Robin Herford gave much thought to the dynamics of the play and overall thrilling ambience as there was not a moment where the audience were not engaged. The great vocal and spatial awareness of actor David Acton really brought his character to life and captured the audience’s attention. In conclusion, I think the director has successfully brought together all these techniques in order to create a spine chilling, captivating and thrilling production of The Woman in Black.

David Essay Example For Students

David Essay Sometime soon after the year 1430, a bronze statue of David stood in the courtyard of the house of the Medici. The work was commissioned of Donatello by Cosimo dMedici himself, the founding father of the Republic of Florence. It was the first free-standing, life sized nude since classical victorious athletes of Greece and Rome. But soft, and some how oddly unheroic. And the incongruity of the heads: of hair and shaded by a laurel-crowned peasants hat; Goliaths tragic, contorted expression, made sharper by the pentagonal helmet and coarse, disheveled beard. Innocence and evil. The weak triumphing over the strong. The city of Florence triumphing over the aggressive dukes of Milan? David as a civic-public monument. In the year 1469, Ser Piero from the Tuscan town of Vinci moved to Florence to become a notary. He rented a house on the Piazza San Firenze, not far from the Palazzo Vecchio. His son, who was a mere 17 years old upon their arrival, began and apprenticeship in the Florentine studio of the well known artist, Andrea Verrocchio. At this time, Veracchio was at work on a bronze sculpture of the young David. Might the head of this fine piece be a portrait of the young Leonardo da Vinci?For many years a block of marble lay untouched, tossed aside as unusable, irretrievable evidence of a botched attempt to carve a human form. It was eighteen feet high. A young sculptor, 26 years old, riding high after the enormous success of his figure of the Virgin Mary holding the dead Christ, decided to ask for the piece. The wardens of the city in charge of such things let the artist have it. What did they have to lose? Getting anything out of it was better than nothing. So this young sculptor named Michelangelo measured and calculated. He mad a wax model of David with a sling in his hand. And he worked on his David continuously for some three years, until, a man named Vasari tells us, he brought it to perfect completion. Without letting anyone see it. A century later, a young sculptor, 25 years old, stares into a mirror at his steeled jaw and determined brow. A contemporary source tells us that on this day, perhaps, the mirror is being held by Cardinal Maffeo Berberini while Bernini transfers what he sees in himself to the face of his David. Bianlorenzo Bernini: sculptor and architect, painter, dramatist, composer. Bernini, who centuries later would be called the undisputed monarch of the Roman High Boroque, identifying with David, whose adversary is seen only by him. The great transformation in style that occurred between the Early renaissance and the Boroque can be followed in the evolution of David. Look at them: A boy of 12, perhaps, looking down incredulously at the physical self that felled an unconquerable enemy; a boy of 14 or 15, confident and reckless, with enough adrenaline pumping to take on an army; an adolescent on the brink of adulthood, captured at the moment when, the Greeks say, sound mind and sound body are one; and another full-grown youth at the threshold of his destiny as KingBibliography:The Davids of the WorldSometime soon after the year 1430, a bronze statue of David stood in the courtyard of the house of the Medici. The work was commissioned of Donatello by Cosimo dMedici himself, the founding father of the Republic of Florence. It was the first free-standing, life sized nude since classical victorious athletes of Greece and Rome. But soft, and some how oddly unheroic. And the incongruity of the heads: of hair and shaded by a laurel-crowned peasants hat; Goliaths tragic, contorted expression, made sharper by the pentagonal helmet and coarse, disheveled beard. .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 , .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .postImageUrl , .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 , .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:hover , .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:visited , .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:active { border:0!important; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:active , .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9 .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e6ebf01e28b40c4e6460ea42dfae9f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Thirty years ago, on October 8, 1967, gunfire echo Essay Innocence and evil. The weak triumphing over the strong. The city of Florence triumphing over the aggressive dukes of Milan? David as a civic-public monument. In the year 1469, Ser Piero from the Tuscan town of Vinci moved to Florence to become a notary. He rented a house on the Piazza San Firenze, not far from the Palazzo Vecchio. His son, who was a mere 17 years old upon their arrival, began and apprenticeship in the Florentine studio of the well known artist, Andrea Verrocchio. At this time, Veracchio was at work on a bronze sculpture of the young David. Might the head of this fine piece be a portrait of the young Leonardo da Vinci?For many years a block of marble lay untouched, tossed aside as unusable, irretrievable evidence of a botched attempt to carve a human form. It was eighteen feet high. A young sculptor, 26 years old, riding high after the enormous success of his figure of the Virgin Mary holding the dead Christ, decided to ask for the piece. The wardens of the city in charge of such things let the artist have it. What did they have to lose? Getting anything out of it was better than nothing. So this young sculptor named Michelangelo measured and calculated. He mad a wax model of David with a sling in his hand. And he worked on his David continuously for some three years, until, a man named Vasari tells us, he brought it to perfect completion. Without letting anyone see it. A century later, a young sculptor, 25 years old, stares into a mirror at his steeled jaw and determined brow. A contemporary source tells us that on this day, perhaps, the mirror is being held by Cardinal Maffeo Berberini while Bernini transfers what he sees in himself to the face of his David. Bianlorenzo Bernini: sculptor and architect, painter, dramatist, composer. Bernini, who centuries later would be called the undisputed monarch of the Roman High Boroque, identifying with David, whose adversary is seen only by him. The great transformation in style that occurred between the Early renaissance and the Boroque can be followed in the evolution of David. Look at them: A boy of 12, perhaps, looking down incredulously at the physical self that felled an unconquerable enemy; a boy of 14 or 15, confident and reckless, with enough adrenaline pumping to take on an army; an adolescent on the brink of adulthood, captured at the moment when, the Greeks say, sound mind and sound body are one; and another full-grown youth at the threshold of his destiny as King

Biomed Central Health Services Research †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Biomed Central Health Services Research. Answer: Introduction: The use of information communication technology to improve the healthcare provision in the hospital is one of the approaches which sparks different opinions in health care. This idea has been seen to have both merits and demerits. I believe that use of ICT could have facilitated Jades to access efficient and convenient health care. First and foremost, the use of ICT enhance efficacy, improve the safety of the patient and further improve patient's outcome. When a hospital adopts the use of ICT, the services such as patients registration and provision of pathology survives would be much efficient. Lack of ICT services has resulted in the manual provision of patient information and referral processes. However, the use of ICT can facilitate care patient to enquire their care providers on issues pertaining health through emails (Buccoliero et al, 2016). Several studies have indicated that the use of ICT has improved the efficiency of the clinic and also it is cost effective. On the other hand, lack of electronic health record (EHR) services in health care have resulted in duplication of data entry processes. The storage of information in HER portal raises lots of ethical concerns and confidentiality regarding patient and their physicians (Shaw et al, 2018, p.10). The use of the ICT services within health care Centre would depend on the e-health literacy of the community, access to the internet and patient age. References Buccoliero, L., Bellio, E., Mazzola, M. Solinas, E. (2016). A marketing perspective to delight the patient 2.0: new and challenging expectations for the healthcare provider. Biomed Central Health Services Research, 16:47. DOI:10.1186/s12913-016-1285-x Shaw, T., Hines, M., Kielly-Carroll, C. (2018). Impact of Digital Health on the Safety and Quality of Health Care. Sydney: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care.