Music 101 M. Carpenter Flashcard

Music 101 M. Craftsman

Investigation into theme park rides from a scientific viewpoint Essay Example

Examination concerning amusement park rides from a logical perspective Essay Example Examination concerning amusement park rides from a logical perspective Essay Examination concerning amusement park rides from a logical perspective Essay In this exposition examination will be made into the powers that are following up on the human body while encountering an amusement park ride. Amusement park rides have grown extensively inside the most recent twenty years, it isn't just the material science of the ride that should be considered during the plan procedure yet security viewpoints additionally should be thought of, tests should be taken to discover what conditions, for example, G-powers, speeds and weight can be withstood by the body. This examination will contemplate the speed and breaking power of the ride known as The Detonator. Gravitational power, possible vitality and active vitality all assume a job in the experience of the ride and in the correct condition can make a circumstance where the body is in freefall. The Detonator is where travelers are lashed into a vehicle at the base of a 30.78m pinnacle, engines apply a power to raise the vehicle to the highest point of the free-fall tower (this power contrasts relying upon the mass of the riders) when the vehicle shows up at the highest point of the pinnacle it is suspended; this is where the potential vitality is the best, the vehicle is then discharged and the potential vitality is moved into motor vitality. The Detonator The accompanying focuses will be explored: o Velocity o Breaking Force o The relationship free-fall has with different parts of material science This report won't anyway be examining into rollercoaster circles or centripetal power as these don't make a difference to The Detonator and are unreasonably cutting-edge for this bit of composing. Estimations Beginning speed u Last speed v Uprooting s Increasing speed a Mass-m Gravitational power g Time-t For this report normal estimations are utilized as follows: (All estimations appeared to 2 d.p.) Masses- o Child/youthful grown-up 35.00kg o Adult-65.00kg o Large grown-up 90.00kg In a 8:3:1 proportion Mass of vehicle 10000kg Stature of free-fall tower-30.78m Slowing down separation 9.32m Estimations All working will be appeared in full as a guide to valuing the full material science of the ride. Because of the ride being in a free-fall circumstance the increasing speed downwards is along these lines equivalent to the gravitational power 9.81ms-2 Starting speed 0.00ms-1 Last speed v2=u2+2as v2=02+2 X 9.81 X 30.77 v=?603.7074 =24.57045787 24.57ms-1 Breaking Force- The detonator vehicle holds 12 riders one after another. When contemplating the ride it was perceptible that the normal rider proportion is 8 Children:3 Adults:1 Large Adult. I will compute the slowing down power for a vehicle loaded with huge grown-ups, a vehicle brimming with grown-ups and a vehicle loaded with youngsters. I will at that point work out what the normal slowing down power would utilize the normal client proportion. The recipe F=ma will be utilized to discover the slowing down separation, anyway we don't yet know the increasing speed so this will require 2 be found Right off the bat the speeding up should be discovered, utilizing the accompanying recipe: Speeding up- v2=u2+2as a=v2-u2 2s a= 24.570457872 - 02 29.23 a= 603.7074 18.46 =32.7035428 a= 32.70 ms-2 Breaking power (12 youngsters) F=ma F=(1235.00+10000) X 32.7035428 F=10420 X 32.7035428 340770.916 F=340770.92N Breaking power (12 grown-ups) F=ma F=(1265+10000) X 32.7035428 F=10780 X 32.7035428 =352544.1914 F=352544.19N Breaking power (12 Large grown-ups) F=ma F=(1290+10000) X 32.7035428 F=11080 X 32.7035428 =362355.2542 F=362355.25N Breaking power (8 Children:3 Adults:1 Large Adult-Average) F=ma F=(835+365+190+10000) X 32.7035428 F=(280+195+90+10000) X 32.7035428 F=10565 X 32.7035428 =34551.9297 F=34551.93N These estimations depend on the powers utilized being the main powers acting in this way they may not be as precise as is conceivable. To make the most exact outcomes different powers, for example, contact should be thought of. Assessment The material science utilized in the hypothesis for The detonator intently identifies with that of a falling lift in a tall structure - the underlying speed being negative, zero or low and the last speed being extremely high and the going to an unexpected stop, breaking power being the mass of the lift in addition to the mass of the travelers duplicated by the increasing speed. A few lifts travel at a similar steady increasing speed as gravity in order to be progressively productive. When riding the detonator increasing velocities of up to 5.5g can be experienced (G-power) this implies the individual riding the detonator has a power following up on them 5.5 occasions the size of gravitational power. Later on rides, for example, this might be made taller or quicker, there are anyway numerous restrictions to creators; if the ride is made taller: o It will be less steady. o More force will be have to lift the vehicle to the highest point of the pinnacle. o A bigger breaking separation will be required. o More security gear will be required With everything taken into account, the detonator has numerous powers following up on it and its rider making it an energizing and pleasant ride.

Normative and Felt Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Standardizing and Felt Needs Assessment - Essay Example Tragically, these propensities are negatively affecting the bodies and the psyches of individuals and they are turning out to be casualty of numerous interminable maladies because of unfortunate way of life. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of those sicknesses which is brought about by unfortunate way of life. The investigation of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus shows that if individuals deal with their way of life and become mindful of reasons for this infection, they can forestall getting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Ample opportunity has already past that everybody ought to be made mindful of this sickness. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus can be characterized as a â€Å"group of metabolic ailments described and analyzed by an interminable height of blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) that outcomes from abandons in insulin area discharge, insulin activity or both. This might be joined by an assortment of aggravations of sugars, protein and fat metabolism† (Levene 2003, p.7). Type 2 diabetes is likewise called as ‘lifestyle disease’ as it is brought about by utilization of undesirable food and driving a genuinely dormant life (What is type 2 diabetes?, n.d.). The significant thing to be noted about Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is that since it regularly shows no solid physical manifestations, it stays undetected for number of years. Just when an individual experiences some solid signs like a coronary failure or vision issue does he/she understands that he/she may be sufferin from the sickness (What is type 2 diabetes?, n.d.). The absence of solid and explicit physical manifestations has made it hard for this malady to be identified. This has made it progressively imperative to make individuals mindful about Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus has an innate propensity and this perhaps on account of the way of life propensities

Integrated Science, Hurricanes Definition Causes and Precautions Essay Example for Free

Incorporated Science, Hurricanes Definition Causes and Precautions Essay The breezes debilitate with tallness.  · The focuses of the storm are hotter than their environmental factors  · They structure under powerless high height winds.  ·The air likewise sinks at the focal point of a tropical storm and the primary vitality source is the inactive warmth of buildup.  ·They debilitate quickly over land. Definition: A Hurricane is an extreme tropical climate framework with an all around characterized course and most extreme continued breezes of 74 mph (64 bunches) or higher. In the western Pacific, storms are called hurricanes, and in the Indian Ocean are called typhoons. Typhoons are results of the tropical sea and air. Every year by and large, ten typhoons (of which six becom become storms) create over the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, or Gulf of Mexico. A large number of these stay over the sea. Howevever, around five typhoons strike the United States coastline at regular intervals. Records of tropical storm in the Caribbean:  ·Anguilla Hurricane Earl 2010 Antigua Barbuda Hurricane Debby 2000 , Hurricane Omar 2008 , Hurricane Earl 2010  ·Babrbados Hurricane Joyce 2000  ·Haiti Hurricane Isaac - 2012 , Hurricane Hanna 2008 , Hurricane Ernesto 2008 , Hurricane Kyle 2008  ·Grenanda-Hurricane Emily 2005 Evacuation Safety Procedures: (Hurricane) At the point when a Warning or Hurricane watch is occured :  ·Leave low lying regions.  ·Protect windows with pressed wood sheets, or tempest screens.  ·Secure outside articles.  · Make sure you have a lot of fuel and water.  ·Have a few days flexibly of food and water for every relative. Whenever called to empty, do so right away. Prior to the tempest: - Stay in Secure Room. - Stay away from windows. - Do not utilize the telephone, or candles. - Have supplies close by. - Remain inside when the eye moves over your region in light of the fact that the tempest will continue in a matter of seconds. After the tempest:  ·Make sure that everything is unquestionably clear outside, and the tempest has totally gone before going out.  ·Report brought down electrical cables, and avoid them.  ·Use put away water and food.  ·Be persistent. Things will take some time before they return to ordinary.

Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice Dissertation

Advancement of Management and Education in Nursing Practice - Dissertation Example Two specific assignments managed me such chances. The principal included getting ready and conveying a Teaching Session to my friends on a subject of clinical intrigue that identified with my work at the trust. After the meeting I examined both the substance and the procedure of the Teaching Session. The subsequent task included meeting a Lead Health Professional in a zone identified with the subject of the Teaching Session. A short time later I evaluated and assessed the meeting as an element of nearby and national medicinal services arrangements, for example, Clinical Governance and for the topic examined. The subject of both my Teaching Session and the meeting with the Lead Health Professional identified with controlling the transmission of MRSA (Methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA disease and control is a critical general wellbeing danger in the UK, a subject of which understudies ought to know, and one about which senior pioneers have a lot to state. I got inspired by the subject during my position at a trust in London. From that point forward have kept up a sharp eye for notice of it in the media and, as talked about in Part II of the Portfolio, have chosen to make a move to attempt to get my trust to execute one of the especially huge MRSA control programs. The Portfolio is separated into two sections, in addition to Appendices. Each part is a far reaching appraisal and logical paper, total with a References segment with in excess of 15 references for each essay.For simplicity of assessment, the References for Part One promptly follow the article for Part One., as opposed to being introduced in a solidified reference area toward the finish of the whole portfolio as in standard for expositions and research ventures. The Portfolio's two sections, Summary, and Appendices include: Section One - Evaluation of a Teaching Session Section Two - Assessment of an Interview with a Lead Health Professional Portfolio Summary Reference section A - Interview Record Reference section B - Notes and Details of the Interview with the Secretary General of the Royal College of Nursing As confirm in each article separately, and my synopsis remarks, the Portfolio venture significantly affected my view of nursing, and of myself as a medical caretaker. Luckily, it was all positive and surely helped me develop. Section One - Reflections on a Teaching Session The Teaching Session gave me an open door both to instruct and to learn. In spite of the fact that I was the instructor as I introduced the material to the understudies, I likewise took in a great deal, about educating, about my picked subject, and about myself as I took on a formerly new job. This article, a basic reflection on the numerous parts of the Teaching Session experience, is separated into seven sections: Method of reasoning Arranging Readiness Conveyance Assessment/Feedback Activity Plan for the Future While I thing the Teaching Session worked out in a good way, it likewise increased my attention to ways I can be a progressively successful educator, to one individual or a hundred. Method of reasoning During clinical practice, I saw that disease control gauges, particularly staff hand washing strategies following consideration for patients with MRSA, were conflicting. Measures were not proof based, likely not reflecting accepted procedures. Given the significance of appropriate hand washing procedures in capturing MRSA transmission, I chose MRSA and legitimate hand washing strategies would be the subject of my Teaching Session. Methicillin safe Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of the Staphylococcus aureus life form impervious to generally utilized anti-microbials (About MRSA: What is MRSA). As Eaton (2005) notes, hand

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Portfolio - Essay Example Square focus O. Emotional Play community P. Climbing region Q. Window Front 3-D see Back 3-D see 3-D see from sides Reflection I made the models for my study hall utilizing an online homeroom arranging instrument. It was extremely useful to have the option to utilize the program to arrange for how I needed to set up my room. Be that as it may, the decisions of furniture were restricted, so I couldn’t be as itemized as I would have enjoyed. I despite everything need to set my future study hall up like the study hall I structured, in spite of the fact that I may switch the workmanship community and the delicate/book focus with the goal that the craftsmanship place has better lighting. Socially Respectful Menu Breakfast Lunch Snack Monday Corn hotcakes Milk Spaghetti, serving of mixed greens and pears Milk Banana bread Orange Juice Tuesday Sausage Rolls Milk Cuban sandwich, Arroz con pollo, pineapple Milk Tortilla chips Apple Juice Wednesday Open Faced Omelet Orange Juice Chinese pot stickers, singed rice, steamed vegetables Milk Chinese filled buns Milk Thursday Quiche Lorraine Milk Burritos, refried beans, guacamole plate of mixed greens Milk Rice wafers Apple Juice Friday Huevos Rancheros Orange Juice Yakitori, egg noodles, natural product sticks Milk Cheese buns Milk Reflection I masterminded the menu the way that I did to ensure that the youngsters got milk two times per day and organic product or vegetables consistently. I additionally ensured that there are in any event three distinctive nutritional categories present every day. On the menu, I offered food from the United States, Latin America, South America, Europe and Asia. I truly like how socially shifted the menu is, nonetheless in the event that I needed to design a menu once more, I would ensure that the understudies were getting a foods grown from the ground vegetable consistently. I would likewise attempt to adjust the menu with the goal that it was less sugar overwhelming on specific days. Play Observation for a Child with Special Needs I saw in a multi year old study hall. The study hall, just as the kid care focus it was in, followed Adlerian brain science. The essential thought of Adlerian brain science is to support the advancement of sound and agreeable people and families. The understudy that I concentrated on was an understudy that was determined to have ADHD. One method that I saw an instructor use when working with the youngster was compensating the kid when he had a decent conduct and disregarding negative conduct. I accept the objective of this strategy was to show the understudy that the educator would possibly give him consideration when he was carrying on well. This was a successful methodology since it made the understudy carry on in increasingly positive manners. Another method that I saw was updating an as often as possible calendar and alluding the kid to the timetable at whatever point he posed an inquiry about what was coming straightaway. The obje ctive of this strategy was to give a steady, organized timetable for the kid to allude to. I accept this was a viable procedure on the grounds that the youngster regularly utilized it and had a diminished uneasiness about what was coming up straightaway. I likewise saw that the instructor gave clear conduct desires before all exercises. The objective of this strategy was to help the understudy to remember what practices were adequate in class. I accept this was a powerful technique since it helped the understudy to recollect how he ought to carry on during exercises. The instructor additionally addressed the understudy secretly when they were accomplishing progressively complex exercises. The objective of this movement was to fortify the means expected to finish the action and to explain any means. She went over the means that he would need to take to finish the movement with him, at that point asked him on the off chance that he had any inquiries and

Earning Minimum Wage as a Single Parent Essays

Acquiring Minimum Wage as a Single Parent Essays Acquiring Minimum Wage as a Single Parent Essay Acquiring Minimum Wage as a Single Parent Essay â€Å"Americans individuals esteem work, and the work individuals ought to have a specific least worth. That worth is the lowest pay permitted by law. In an organization bosses have more force than singular laborers, particularly laborers without the aptitudes expected to request higher wages. This lopsidedness in haggling power leaves laborers with restricted abilities helpless before the businesses. The lowest pay permitted by law load up helps balance the aptitudes of every representative (â€Å"Increase the Minimum Wage, uaw.org/resrch/05/)†.â€Å"The proposed increment in the lowest pay permitted by law to $7.25 an hour would move a solitary parent with one kid over the neediness line however it would in any case leave that little family attempting to get by. On the off chance that a lowest pay permitted by law laborer had more than one kid or lived in a costly territory it would be much harder to make meet it ends.† Renormalizing poor people and offering those hi gher goals is the response to their plight† (Toynbee, 2006),In line of the expanding average cost for basic items, it is the least we can do is to limit the quantity of working families who are living in destitution (â€Å"Minimum Wage Increase, www.uaw.org|†.As a solitary parent who getting the lowest pay permitted by law, it is difficult to address the issues of their kids, particularly these days that all the prime wares is expanding. The lowest pay permitted by law was not an answer for the issue but rather it just show that lowest pay permitted by law is just a limit which is underneath destitution line.This paper will examine about the acquiring the lowest pay permitted by law as a solitary parent, the issues behind it, the detriments of getting the lowest pay permitted by law of being a solitary parent, and the need of an expansion of the base wage,The government the lowest pay permitted by law is a compensation floor of $5.15 an hour that applies to practically all laborers. It is applied in twenty-one spot in the states including the District of Columbia that have set a lowest pay permitted by law that is higher than the government the lowest pay permitted by law. A living pay is a term frequently utilized by the individuals to call attention to that the government the lowest pay permitted by law isn't sufficiently high to help a family.â€Å"We likewise find that the base wages will in general lift the wages of poor families that stay beneath the destitution line†. (Bernstein, 1999).And the issues about the lowest pay permitted by law are, some have endeavored to figure a living compensation dependent on a pay that would accommodate a familys fundamental needs. What amount is sufficient? (Addison, 4). Concentrate on a conversation of fundamental family financial plan those measures if the lowest pay permitted by law got by the representatives is sufficient for their needs.â And† living wages† are commonly a lot highe r than the lowest pay permitted by law. living wages was ordinarily allude to compensation set by neighborhood mandates that spread a particular arrangement of laborers, for the most part government laborers or laborers employed by organizations that have gotten an administration agreement or subsidy.Some detriments of getting least wages and not accepting the lowest pay permitted by law expressed as follows:A all day specialist winning the lowest pay permitted by law would have a pay however underneath the bureaucratic neediness line. Furthermore, there are a few factors that confuse this investigation. To start with, not all specialists can discover all day work and they are not getting the lowest pay permitted by law, same as the others that can't offset all day work with family duties. Second, government projects, for example, the Earned Income Tax Credit and nourishment stamps help the revealed livelihoods of working families. Also, third, the government destitution line is see n by numerous individuals as a deficient proportion of the pay expected to help a family.In America it is the obligation of â€Å"The bureaucratic Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) joined with the lowest pay permitted by law board to help decrease the neediness, despite the fact that that (EITC) isn't a trade for a lowest pay permitted by law increment. In any case, the Earned Income Tax Credit is a well known government hostile to destitution program and has a significant bit of the continuous system to make work pay similarly. What's more, one explanation behind the Edict’s ubiquity is that it depends on family pay and its anxiety is in this manner all around focused to the poor families (Minimum Wage as often as possible pose inquiry, epinet.org/content.cfm/issueguides)†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Due to both change in government assistance arrangement and the developing economy, government assistance caseloads have fallen steeply since 1996, when the lowest pay permitted by law was expan ded. In any case, with regards to the activity misfortune scrutinize and the pertinent increment made it harder for the ladies to enter the work advertise. Actually, the work paces of single parents, in the wake of deteriorating for a long time, rose steeply from 62% in 1995 to 69% by 1998, legitimately over the period when the base was expanded. Furthermore, not every single parent are on government assistance, however among those getting government assistance, business rates developed from 40% to 49% in 1997, so far the most significant level on record (â€Å"Minimum Wage and Poverty, epinet.org/content.cfm/)’.In expansion, it empowers representatives particularly the single parent to work proficiently on the grounds that the pay sponsorship increments if the income additionally builds little (Bernstein, 1999), until it compasses to the greatest credit level. The EITC and the lowest pay permitted by law work couple to raise a familys salary. The adequacy of the EITC in rai sing the salaries of the working poor over the neediness line contingent upon the standard increments of the lowest pay permitted by law. The EITC and the destitution edge both ascent every year to reflect increments in the average cost for basic items. Furthermore, the EITC alone isn't sufficient to keep a family ascend over the destitution line, yet with the assistance of the central government so a lowest pay permitted by law laborer escapes from the neediness line every year and the lowest pay permitted by law is expanded now and then.â€Å"Finally, from the point of view of the working poor, the lowest pay permitted by law is a valuable enemy of destitution device. Be that as it may, it can't and ought not; nonetheless, it is seen as a sole arrangement against destitution. What's more, this is fundamentally because of the way that numerous employable poor people have just minimal connections to the work showcase. As the writing assessing least wages and destitution uncovers, j ust as some new discoveries it will introduce in regards to the last increment, raising the lowest pay permitted by law is related with little abatements in the neediness rate, however the poor need some other pay bolsters, for example, the EITC and nourishment stamps to inspire their salary (â€Å"Economic Policy Institute, epinet.or)†.Conclusion:Therefore, any increments in the lowest pay permitted by law depend exclusively on the political atmosphere and congressional understanding that an expansion is required. The recurrence of the lowest pay permitted by law increments has shifted relying upon its capacity of assets. Also, income least wages as a solitary parent it experienced hardships and issues. Yet, in the event that the individuals from the family will work connected at the hip to confront the preliminaries in life it will become easy.â€Å"Single parent families become progressively associated, finding that cooperating takes care of issues. Since single guardians depend vigorously on the deliberate participation of their youngsters and it is a smart thought to include them with the dynamic and critical thinking forms. As of this time youngsters will in general feel increasingly required and esteemed as contributing individuals from the family unit and are bound to do choices they had and an impact in dynamic. In single-parent families, every childs should help and collaboration is required on consistent schedule circumstances (â€Å"Strengths of Single Parent Families, metlife.com/Applica)†In most industrialized nations they have laws setting a lowest pay permitted by law, however these laws shift incredibly by who is secured, and how carefully the law is upheld. In certain nations, the lowest pay permitted by law isn't all inclusive for the entire nation, yet fluctuates as indicated by the modern segment or the laborers age, sexual orientation, and qualifications.Overall, people working at or underneath the lowest pay permitted by l aw were probably going to be ladies, youngsters, understudies and low maintenance laborers. Some were attempting to back their instruction or bolster their families, while others were more established specialists hoping to enhance their benefits. In any case, it is likewise essential to remember that while the lowest pay permitted by law is a critical device in the push to end neediness, it is just a single piece of a bigger enemy of destitution strategy.Finally, In America, single parent being paid with the base wages was sufferings hardships particularly on the off chance that they have children’s more than three. They can’t meet the fundamental needs of their kids; in light of the fact that their pay is beneath neediness line. It is crafted by the legislature to look to the requirements of the individuals particularly to that solitary parent who are getting least wages and to give them an expansion with the goal that they can get the job done their every day needs.R eferences:Barro Robert J. (Hoover Institution), Workfare Still Beats Welfare, Wall Street Journal, May 21, 1996.Bernstein, Jared.â â We likewise find that the base wages will in general lift the wages of poor families that stay beneath the neediness line. Another Modest Minimum Wage Increase. Monetary Policy Institute, 1999, Retrieved December 17, 2006 from. [epinet.org/content.cfm/webfeatures_viewpoints_minwagetestimony].Bernstein, Jared, Make work pay,† Minimum Wages and Poverty.â Economic Policy Institute, 1 Bernstein, Jared, Heidi Hartmann, and John Schmitt. The Minimum Wage Increase: A Working Womans Issue. Washington, D.C.: Economic Policy Institute, 1999.Bernstein, Jared, and Chinua Brecht. 2000. The Next Step: The New Minimum Wage Proposals and the Old Opposition. Washington, D.C.: Economic Policy Institute. 999. Recovered from [epinet.org/content.cfm/webfeatures_viewpoints_minwage].Hederman, Rea S. Jr. et al, Who Earns the Minimum Wage, Retrieved December 17, 200 6 from heritage.org/Research/Economy/wm1186.cfmIncrease Minimum Wage Retrieved December 17, 2006 from [uaw.org/resrch/05/minimum_wage_aug2005.pdf]Lift Families out of Poverty, â€Å"living wage† Retrieved December 17, 2006 from [senate.gov/~rpc/discharges/1998/minwage-crs.htm]Minimu

Report In Computer System Example

Report In Computer System Example Report In Computer System â€" Assignment Example > Cloud computing system for Anglia CloudIntroductionThis paper is a report for the board of Anglia Cloud explaining the idea, benefits and dangers of cloud computing as well as recommendations of computers, printers, broadband internet connection, network hardware, and network topology suitable for the system. Meaning of cloud computingCloud Computing is a concept that describes provision of IT resources via a network, usually, the internet. Velte et al (2009, p. 4) have stated that cloud computing allow users to acquire computational resources owned and managed by another entity, which is usually a vender or a service provider. These resources include applications (software), platforms and infrastructures, and are provided as a service (Stanoevska-Slabeva, 2009, p. 48). Therefore, a cloud service can be categorized as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) or infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Software-as-a-ServiceSoftware-as-a-Service is an idea of software p rovision where the service provider or vendor hosts and distributes applications to clients through a computer network, which is often the internet. SaaS is normally characterized by scalability and on-demand provision. As Roehl-Anderson notes (2010, p. 338) SaaS is increasingly becoming a popular model by which users obtain software; usually, users have the option of scaling up or down the software usage. The service delivery in SaaS can be grouped into two faintly distinct models. One model, which is comparable to application service provider (ASP), is characterized by a service provider hosting and delivering commercially accessible applications to clients through the internet. However, in the other model, the provider delivers via a network an application made purposely for SaaS circulation. Landy and Mastrobattista (2008, p. 86) recognizes the two model of SaaS. Platform-as-a-ServicePlatform-as-a-Service is another form of cloud computing where hardware, operating systems, net work and storage space can be rented and delivered through a network (or the internet). Stanoevska-Slabeva (2009, p. 52) highlights that a “platform is an abstraction layer” separating the virtualized infrastructure and the applications. PaaS is mainly meant to serve the software developers. An example of PaaS distribution is the Google’s App Engine that allows users to run their applications on the company’s infrastructure. Infrastructure-as-a-ServiceInfrastructure-as-a-Service basically involves an organization or rather a client contracting out IT hardware such as servers, networking and storage equipments that are necessary to support certain operations. The out-sourcing entity normally pays for the resources depending on use, while the provider maintains, operates and owns the resources. According to Hurwitz, Bloor, Kaufman and Halper (2009, p. 18) virtualization systems and operating systems (OS) may also be part of the services offered through IaaS. Potential uses a nd relative benefits of cloud servicesThe uses and benefits of cloud computing are enormous. Cloud computing is increasingly being used by organizations to deliver applications and other products to clients. It is an alternative or a supplement to the convention way of distributing products to the consumers. It can be used in connecting mobile workforce in an organization who need to access applications remotely from their computers. Being able to access resources remotely is a huge benefit to users of cloud computing. Through this service, remotely located workers can have access to the resources (applications) they need so long as they have access to the network, or the internet.

United States History Essay - 825 Words

United States' History (Essay Sample) Content: Name Student IDInstructorDateAmerican History of 1968Following the end of the Second World War, the United States exemplified a genuine believer of civilian freedom, democratic space and supporter of civil rights in other countries. This revolution was more evident in America with the emergence of civil rights movement spearheaded by Martin Luther King junior advocating for the rights of the blacks. In addition, it was a new era in the American politics too as the young ambitious Robert Kennedy who but epitomized the dawn of a new honest generation for all. However, the events of 1968 in American history completely shattered a bright future in the blacks route to freedom and the politics in the United States (Steinhorn). In Leonard Steinhorn chronicles at the University of America, the communication professor gives us a fond insight of that years events. Americans policy against communisms by the Germans that was spreading into other countries saw its involvement with South Vietnam. This was with intent of protecting the country from the communism policy from North Vietnam who had already plotted a war during the Lunar year against South Vietnam, the Tet Offensive (Steinhorn). As America got entangled in this cold war with North Vietnam, the congress back home led by McCarthy led the anti-war campaign and advocated for the withdrawal of American troops from South Vietnam drawing a heated argument among the delegates that erupted into a fight (Steinhorn). Nevertheless, the civilians and college students supportive of McCarthys opinion took into the streets protesting and suffering serious beating from numerous police deployed to prevent this protest. Baffled by the events in his regime and the sense of failure to promote peace in America and other countries, President Lyndon Johnson announced that he would not ran for second term (Steinhorn). In addition, the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King junior outlined the racial confl ict that had engulfed most parts of America during that time. From Steinhorns lecture, we draw three major themes that dominated the America of 1968.First, there were rampant racial inequalities and conflicts between the white Americans, black Americans and the Chinese. Martin Luther was a human right activist who was fighting for the rights of the blacks who were endlessly on the receiving end of the whites oppression. The antagonizing groups formed coalitions with which to fight for their rights. The blacks formed the Coalition for Racial Equality (CORE) and the whites, the Ku Klax Klan (KKK). The KKK, enjoying their dominance the favor of governmental organization attacked, beat and killed those who opposed it and the supporters of freedom for the blacks (Upchurch 78). The chronicles of Anne Moody paints a clear picture of the struggle that existed between the KKK and CORE in the south as the antagonizing movements fought for supremacy. Nevertheless, the first class shows how the KKK oppressed men, women and civil activists who sympathized with the blacks. In addition, the second class further explains the discrimination that existed against other inferior races in the United States besides the blacks. Inferior races like Chinese and Asians suffered from the oppression and bullies of the whites, destruction of the business and stealing of their property (Blaisdell 56).The second theme of this lecture is Americas failure to promote global peace. From the era of imperialism, America believed it had the obligation of promoting global peace (Brinkley 34). The country stood against world war and advocated for a fair democracy in every country that fights for and protects the rights of its citizens. However, the year 1968 exposed the failure of the American government in not only promoting global peace but also protecting the rights of its citizens and promoting their cohesion. The participation of America in the Second World War and particularly the atomic bombi ng of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a big statement against this spirit (Elston 83). In addition, the contribution of America in the Tet Offensive in Vietnam is another mark of failure to promoter global peace (Hallett 67). Nevertheless, the government failed to promote cohesion between the blacks and whites and Chinese, as it remained dormant against the extrajudicial acts of the KKK (Upchurch 101).Lastly, the failure of the government to protect the rights and freedom of its citizens is evident from the documentary. First, the government warrants use of force against demonstrators (Steinhorn). Nevertheless, the government does little to protect child labour during the industrial revolution. Instead, there is rampant employment of young children in the coalmines as learnt in lesson three (Spargo 45). Nevertheless, the managerial syste...

The Why Yale Essay Samples Game

The Why Yale Essay Samples Game Why Yale Essay Samples - the Story Demonstrated interest is a must in the current competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. The great majority of schools have that. There are lots of, a number of other colleges that are quite academically rigorous and difficult to enter. We seek students with the potential to grow the Yale community get the most out of the extraordinary opportunities readily available on our campus. Becoming in a position to ask a great question is probably more important than having the ability to provide a great answer (especially whenever you're a student). Therefore, it goes without saying, so as to be admitted to Princeton, you've got to be one bright kid. You may be wondering what you can possibly write about to stick out from different applicants with this kind of a brief assignment. This question hones in on the type of person you may be within the Yale community. Throughout my childhood, I was lucky enough to have the ability to learn several points of views from my parents due to their exclusive backgrounds, resulting in a fascinating upbringing that I believe Barnard students possess also. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium as a way to study the EU. To begin your studies at Yale University, you will need to produce an immediate application to the college or the school concerning the program in which you would like to get enrolled. As an example, Yale's residential college process is extremely unique and produces a different campus life experience than most universities. Basically, Yale would like to make sure that you know and value the things that they offer, and in addition, they need to assess how you're take advantage of many opportunities on Yale's campus to further your academic and professional career. It is one of the only universities that allow you to try-out your classes before you finalize your schedule. It is trying to gauge your unique interests. From your research, you must have produce specific explanations for why Yale is a fantastic school for you. You intend on obtaining a graduate degree and wish to immerse yourself in research throughout your undergraduate decades. Not merely in the home, but in the schools too, it's quite important to keep a good hygiene condition. If you choose a health category instead of a particular study, doctors who have active studies in that area may get in touch with you to ask if you'd like to participate. Japan's very first nursing institute was established in 1885 and the very first nursing institute for blacks in america followed the next calendar year. We work hard to keep the high quality and integrity of that which we sell. Whatever the case you are in need of a power supply with sufficient capability to power your electromagnet. Even in a 35-word reply, it's still much better to show instead of tell. Aim for five for the very first attempt. Looking at Why Yale'' essay examples may also help, even though they are difficult to find. Your essay should be unique to you. Writing an exc ellent short answer takes a good deal of wordsmithing, so be ready to spend a terrific deal of time tooling, trimming, and scrapping your drafts. Possessing an overall structure for all your essays is fine, but attempt to prevent playing the fill-in-the-blank game. At times I feel this has worked well, and it truly is a wide example base. If you're considering purchasing an item which you will still have next calendar year, look at pulling out the card but you need to be careful. Please remember that there are lots of lists that vary. There are several approaches to do this research. Revise and edit, but you should be certain not to get rid of the feeling of individuality that only you're able to put into words. 35 words isn't lots of words, particularly when it comes to a concept as broad as inspiration. In the end, proofread and keep within the term limit. Think about the 35 word challenge for a game.

Media Bias Same Sex Marriage Articles Essay example

Portfolio Essay Same sex marriage has been a controversial issue since homosexual couples started to petition for their civil and marital rights. Even though homosexuality existed long before our society labeled it, it is still not socially accepted by many groups as well as individuals. As a result, people tend to be biased when reporting facts concerning homosexual marriage. Biases can be hidden in many literature works like books, journals, magazines, and articles. Through these documents writers try to provoke an emotional response from their readers in order to influence their view of a usually highly debated matter. An example of this would be three articles through which the rhetors dissimilarly influence the opinion of their†¦show more content†¦Consequently, even though this article was just listing the facts about a controversial issue, it still showed bias because of the way it presented the information concerning this highly debated matter. Another article from F ox News titled â€Å"New York Becomes the Sixth State to Legalize Gay Marriage† talks about the legalization of homosexual marriage, but from a different, more conservative perspective. When the article states that â€Å"New York makes it difficult for the voters to repeal laws† (Associated Press 3), it is trying to make people feel â€Å"stuck† with this decision, and wonder if the politicians voted wisely. Furthermore, by saying that the senators were pressured into signing the legislation, the text makes the readers think that passing this law wasn’t the original intention of the lawmakers. Also, when the rhetors say that â€Å"Republicans demand for stronger legal protection for religious groups† (Associated Press 3), they make people think that only conservative Republicans are concerned with the discrimination lawsuits that might take place if certain religious groups â€Å"refuse to allow their facilities to be used for gay weddings† (Associated Press 3). Thus, the actual facts as well as the manner in which Fox News chose to present them made people focus more on the negative effects of allowing gay marriage in New York State. In addition, an article from New York Times titled â€Å"New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage,Show MoreRelatedAmerican Government : Interactive Assignment1036 Words   |  5 PagesLynn Cothrell American Government – Interactive Assignment Media bias refers to the bias of news producers and journalists that are in the mass media, reporting on a selection of events and stories and how they are covered. It is impossible to report everything, therefore, selectivity is inevitable. When watching or reading coverage on a specific topic, it is not difficult to detect the sources bias. The media will put their conservative or liberal spin on the information presented to their audienceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1182 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Margot Bowlby 22 February 2017 Same Sex Marriage Our society today is greatly influenced through controversial issues over same-sex marriage in America, leaving many stumped and concerned about the ongoing conflict. For some time now, it has been an expanding problem to legalize same sex marriage. A vast majority of the population believe that marriage should be between two genders due to it’s being biblical. The opposition upon same-sex marriage has led to the misconception of civil rightsRead MoreIntroduction This paper will cover the omnipresence of media biases and their implications in1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will cover the omnipresence of media biases and their implications in three news stories from various newspapers including The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times through content-analysis and comparison. Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro in â€Å"Media Bias and Reputation†from the Journal of Political Economy argue that media biases, distort information to make it conform with consumers’ prior [political] beliefs in order to shape reports in whateverRead MoreGay Families are Still Families Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages from a legal standpoint, the word â€Å"family† requires definition. Traditionally, a family has been defined as a married heterosexual couple and their children, but as more and more states are legalizing same-sex marriage, new questions arise. Regardless of ones position about whether gay marriage should be legal, it is clear that the definition of family is changing and the legal system will need to a ddress these changes. Whether it is determining who should be a custodial parent, clarifying adoptionRead MoreMedia Analysis of a Current Controversial Issue875 Words   |  4 Pages Homosexuality is the current controversial issue that has hit the media. One cannot avoid the topic of homosexuality in the news, movies, books, social media, newspapers, and even in politics. Homosexuality has become a controversial issue around the globe today. After Uganda outlawed homosexuality in its country, the topic has been trending everywhere in the mainstream media, and the social media. Some nations like the US have legalized homosexuality and this is why there has been uproar afterRead MoreThe Hollow Hope By Gerald Rosenberg1626 Words   |  7 PagesTo explore his question Rosenberg looks into different court cases in which believers of the dynamic court view think had the most impact on social change. The two that our class focused on in reading were cases dealing with Civil Rights and same-sex marriage. In both of these areas of social change Rosenberg concluded that the courts are not able to produce social change, unless the constraints have been lifted and the co nditions met. In his overall conclusion Rosenberg concludes that the CourtRead MoreDoes Bias Doesn t Mirror The World?1259 Words   |  6 Pages Where Bias Comes From Words are the world; however, words don’t mirror the world. We depend on vocabularies or words to form thoughts, to interpret ideas, and to communicate with others, and it’s needless to say that we share the same physical world; however, we see the world through different perspective and we use different vocabularies to interpret what we absorb from the objective reality. Consequently, we use different words to describe the unitary reality. For example, if a botanist, anRead MoreThe World of the Counselor: A Brief Analysis of Chapter Two 950 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference that has been filling the news recently is on same-sex marriage. I believe family counselors will see the biggest impact on this issue, as Christian families seek help for their loved ones. Same-sex marriages are not going away for 17 states have made it legal (Gaymarriage.procon.org, 2014). Professional counselors need to prepare by being non-bias while also help any family member dealing with disa greements over a recent same-sex marriage. The counselor needs to work against discriminationRead MoreComparison and Analysis of Different News Report on Same-Sex Marriage Legalization in New Zealand3385 Words   |  14 PagesTopic: Same Sex Marriage Homosexuality and lesbian and gay civil rights was the dominated by negativity in Western societies before the 1990s (Loftus, 2001). In Australia, bias and discrimination against gay has progressively decreased over time (Kelly, 2001). Issues related to gay and lesbian rights have been increasingly prominent. Despite the receding negative attitudes towards gay and lesbian minority, according to scholars, such tolerance does not seem to extend to attitudes towards same-sex marriageRead MoreChick Fil An American Franchising Restaurant Company Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesspecial business model, they chose their franchisees really carefully. Although it is franchise, Cathy family still had ownership of every restaurant (Grantham, R., 2 011). According to the case, Chick-fil-A pay much attention to charity. As the article described Chick-fil-A had donated more than $68 million since 2009-2012. Their main goals were creating education chances for employees and youth, donating food for military or other in need, and supporting communities and families. For example,

The Declaration Of The Rights Of Women - 1307 Words

In three documents associated with historical revolutions, Thomas Jefferson’s The Declaration of Independence, the French National Assembly’s The Declaration of the Rights of Man, and Olympe de Gouges’ The Declaration of the Rights of Women, readers are presented with the markedly different perspectives on revolution and reform that their authors held, painting a picture of ideals in revolutions separated by both an ocean and an inherent difference in perceptible motivation. Though each document mentioned is notably more progressive than the last in its criticisms of social inequalities, with The Declaration of the Rights of Man advocating for social justice at the outset, and The Declaration of Independence making no mention of social†¦show more content†¦Steeped in language of the Enlightenment, what are perhaps the document’s most famous words come early in the document: We hold these truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. (Kishlansky 98) Here, Jefferson draws from the writings of English philosopher John Locke, who wrote in his 1689 Treatise on Government of man’s right to preserve his, â€Å"life, liberty, and estate† (Kishlansky 28). Notably, however, Jefferson changes â€Å"estate† to â€Å"pursuit of Happiness.† While his motivations in doing so cannot be fully known, the idea that this was done in an attempt to conceal the financial nature of Jefferson’s and the other landowner’s concerns under the guise of philosophical principle is supported by the nature of the concerns which the author later details in his list of â€Å"abuses and usurpations† (Kishlansky 99), as deep amidst this list, which deals predominately with what Jefferson and other colonial legislators saw as an undermining of their legislative and sovereign authority by their British overlords, is nestled the crown’s offense of â€Å"imposing taxes on us without our Consent† (Kishlansky 99). The position of this abuse in the middle of the list, as opposed to on either end, speaks perhaps to Jefferson’s not wanting it toShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Women1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Women†, written by Olympe De Gouges, is a document that proves how in the 1790’ s women were trying to break-free from the belief that men have all the rights. This document was published in 1791 and it was made in comparison to the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† which was published in 1789. Olympe De Gouges wrote this document because she felt that despite having the French Revolution women were not receiving the rights they deserve. In the â€Å"Declaration of theRead MoreUniversal Declaration of Human Rights and Muslim Women785 Words   |  3 Pages(2011, 440) states that, â€Å"While women, like men, have an interest in enjoying ‘an elemental capacity for self-direction,’ the importance of this capacity is not conceded by all cultures.† It is important to note the significant influence culture has on women’s rights issues. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) raised a variety of questions dealing with the inference of the term â€Å"universal.† It infers that the declaration is meant to represent human rights in all countries, including thoseRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights Of Women And A Public Speech By Frederick Douglass933 Words   |  4 Pagestowards democracy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was announced in 1789, was arguably the foundations of the human rights and many constitutions in democratic countries like the Britain and America. The concept is based on the â€Å"natural rights† that were established as universal moral standards and it significantly influenced many revolutions, especially the American Revolution. Ironically, the idea of â€Å"natural rights† was not universal as the right s for women and slaves were excludedRead MoreWomen s Rights During The 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration And The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire945 Words   |  4 PagesThe women of America have struggled to gain the same equality as men. The 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire were two documents showing the mistreatment and the unfairness of women in the work place and America as a whole. Some people did not believe women had the same rights as men, but women thought otherwise and wanted their voice heard. The aspects of equality in the American Dream were unavailable to women because women were not given the same rights as menRead MoreWomen s Oppression During The Land Of The Free1336 Words   |  6 PagesSupposedly Land of the Free The Declaration of Independence represents justice, equality, and natural human rights. Written to liberate American citizens from British control, the document stood for the colonists to live as freely as they wished. As grand as this document is, the pronouns and terminology used throughout this document is in the eye of controversy when the rights and status of women become involved. Mary Wollstonecraft, writer of A Vindication of the Rights of Women, is a major forerunner ofRead MoreThe Declaration Of Sentiments By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1135 Words   |  5 Pageshave influenced the lives of women today, but possibly none more important than the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The declaration was able to make an extremely strong and memorable impact, not only for the ideas presented in it, but also for its strong rhetoric and use of figurative language such as anaphora and syntax; also, notable is its imitation of the â€Å"Declaration of Indep endence†. Though written over one hundred years ago, the declaration written at the Seneca FallsRead MoreSeneca Falls The First Women s Rights Convention937 Words   |  4 PagesSeneca Falls was the first women’s rights convention in the United States. The convention took place at the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, NY, on July 19, 1848 (Seneca Falls Convention Begins). This convention was organized by two abolitionist named Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton with the help of Martha Wright, Mary Ann McClintock, and Jane Hunt. They posted the announcement in the Seneca County Courier on July 14, 1848. The message said â€Å"A Convention to discuss the social, civil, andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Beijing Declaration Of Indigenous Women1195 Words   |  5 Pageswhere thousands of women gathered to attend two significant events: The 1995 NGO Forum on Women and the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women.Approximately 31,000 women from more than 200 countries at tended the nongovernmental organization forum, compelled by the need to join the fast-growing, worldwide network of women who were determined to achieve equality, development, and peace. In the NGO Forum, UN fourth World conference on women in Huairou, Beijing, PROC, the primitive women present had comeRead MoreThe Declaration Of Sentiments By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1225 Words   |  5 Pages27 January 2015 Essay Contest: The Declaration of Sentiments In the Declaration of Sentiments, author Elizabeth Cady Stanton expresses her anger of the oppression experienced by women in the United States. After being rejected to attend the World’s Anti-Slavery convention in London, Stanton was frustrated because she was being rejected for being a woman. This motivated Stanton to share her own ideas on advocating women’s rights and changing the way women are treated in society because of the mistreatmentRead MoreWomen And Women During The French Revolution1413 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the French Revolution, namely 1789, men and women were both dealing with change in government, society, and many different aspects of life. Two documents that represent the rights of men and women are Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. These two documents are similar in content because they describe how men and women should be treated as equals in society. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen came first, and sparked

The Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard - 965 Words

The Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personal life rather than the actual historical legacies. The biography seems to have many personal bias opinions which makes the source hard to trust. One example from the text itself is when he describes King Charlemagne’s physical appearance, â€Å"His neck was short and rather thick, and his stomach a trifle too heavy, but the proportions of the rest of the body prevented from noticing these blemishes (Brophy, 250).† Even Though, the author describes the king with grea t details, he is positive throughout each text and avoids giving any flawed comments. Charlemagne in the historical context made many contributions to the modern world as well as the Carolingian dynasty during his reign. After his father passed away, he united the Franks and went to several conquest to expand his kingdom in 768 (Coffin, 176). Charlemagne was believed to be a very serious Christian king. In one of the longest conquest in Saxon, which lasted about 20 years, he had forced conversion to all the people whoShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Charlemagne by Einhard1388 Words   |  6 Pages Charlemagne is described by Janet Nelson as being a role model for Einhard. Einhard himself writes in the first paragraph of The Life of Charlemagne, â€Å"After I decided to write about the life, character and no small part of the accomplishments of my lord and foster father, Charles, that most excellent and deservedly famous king, I determined to do so with as much brevity as I could.† I feel that these are sincere words about the man who cared for Einhard. I feel that Einhard’s purpose for writingRead MoreEinhard s The Life Of Charlemagne878 Words   |  4 Pages Einhard’s The Life of Charlemagne is one of several prominent texts from Mediaeval Europe. The main focus of the text is on the life of Charlemagne, the Frankish king from the Carolingian dynasty. Under his rule, the Frankish kingdom experiences an extensive period of prosperity and growth, especially in intellectually related areas since Charlemagne himself is a well-known patron of the arts (#). Hence, Charlemagne is the ruler often credited for the â€Å"Roman revival† across Mediaeval Europe. InRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book For The Sake Of Posterity 986 Words   |  4 PagesEinhard, a German raised in the Carolingian court of Charlemagne wrote a vita as a tribute to his king around 825-826 called The Life of Charlemagne after the kings death. He wrote this book either at C harlemagne’s son King Louis’ court or at one of his numerous properties throughout the Frankish kingdom. Based on the didactic nature of the document and Einhard’s own saying that the book is â€Å"for the sake of posterity† it is likely that his writing was either meant as a historical book concerningRead MoreThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. WritingRead MoreCharlemagne Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCharlemagne, also known as Charles the Great and Charles I, was not only a king of France, but a commanding historical figure. Charlemagne is believed to have been born sometime around the year 742. He became King of the Franks in 768 and went on to become the Emperor of the Carolingian Empire in 800, before his death in 814. Charlemagne’s father, King Pepin (the short), officially put an end to the Merovingian line of kings to become King of the Franks, and willed that Francia be divided betweenRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreTwo Lives of Charlemagne1525 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The firstRead MoreCharles The Pious, Reign, The Life Of Charlemagne753 Words   |  4 PagesLouis the Pious’ reign, The Life of Charlemagne is a concise biography of the Frankish emperor, as written by a former member of his court, Einhard. This source provides historians with a first-hand account of Charlemagne’s activities and personality from someone close to him. It is important to first recognise the problems with this source. The clearest problem is Einhard’s personal attachment to his former Emperor, his account reflecting the affection he felt for Charlemagne. We know from Walahfrid’sRead MoreCharlemagne Essay examples1611 Words   |  7 PagesEinhards Life of Charlemagne, a very succinct description of King Charles ideals, beliefs, attitudes and traits are depicted along with his lifes territorial as well as mental conquests illustrated. Charlemagne was a man with a vision of a utopian society united under Christianity in its glorious form in an almost Camelot like kingdom. Einhards literary work gives society an insight into King Charles and what made him capable of being Augustus. As indicated by Einhard, Charlemagne was a man

Diversity Training Needs Assessment - 1822 Words

Completing a Needs Assessment for Diversity Training In the 1980s, diversity training mainly consisted of training people to be aware of differences in gender and race in the workplace, and by the 1990s, diversity training was at the forefront of innovative training for business managers, addressing such issues as age, sexual orientation, ethnic background, and religion (Koonce, 2001, para 45). According to Dr. Elaine K. Miller of the College of Business at Colorado State University, there is a driving force behind the push to embrace diversity in a business organization: The changing US demographics, increasing globalization of business and pursuit of effective competition make it imperative for companies to implement programs for†¦show more content†¦One indicator is the diversity of the workforce within that particular organization, which can be complicated when skilled managers are brought in from outside to manage an organization with employees that may have a different culture. Corporate and independent diversity trainers say that the need for diversity programs is escalating. As companies expand their operations overseas and into new markets, theres a need to tap resident employee and leadership talent in those markets. Global sourcing of leaders is poised to become the next big leadership development trendÂ… (Koonce, 2001, para 15). Another reason that diversity training may be needed in an organization is when there are obvious gaps in understanding between different people, caused by a variety of factors such as gender, age, race, ethnicity, or any other discriminating factor. For example, are there cliques that have formed in the franchise along gender, age, racial or ethnic lines? Or is there simply no diversity in the organization, and are you trying to attract more diverse employees? All of these situations are examples of organizations in which diversity training can be of great help to managers and employees alike. Key Players in Diversity Training There are many possible key players in diversity training. In the case of a McDonalds franchise, the franchise owner probably has the largest stake in success of that organization. Therefore, it would be important for the franchise owner toShow MoreRelatedBusiness Economic1655 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreThe Importance of Managing Diversity906 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Managing Diversity â€Å"Diversity can be considered and dimension that differentiates a person from another† (Noe, p 432). Diversity brings considerable benefits. Decision making and improved problem solving are great examples of what diversity can help with. Diversity also brings greater creativity and innovation, which leads to better product development; and more successful marketing to different types of customers. Diversity provides organizations with the ability to competeRead MoreUnit 21672 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreOrganizational Behaviour the Pros and Cons.1634 Words   |  7 PagesElements of successful organizational diversity Management. Why is organizational diversity important? Historically, diversity in the workplace has been recognized as an employment equity issue. Now, however, diversity in the workplace is being recognized as a benefit that will contribute to an organizations bottom line. 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Importance of Cross-cultural Research Leaders must also be able to understandRead MoreDiscrimination and Young People706 Words   |  3 Pages2010 Title Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people 3 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Identify the current legislation and codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity 1.2 Explain the importance of promoting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality of access 1.3 Explain the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young peopleRead MoreGallery Place Plaza And Maritime Plaza1259 Words   |  6 PagesCenters were created to encourage and support not only local hiring, but also to serve as a resource for hundreds of construction contractors, subcontractors, service contractors and supplier to market their hiring needs as well as have space to provide resources, conduct interviews, assessments, and hiring events. 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Health Care - 1474 Words

Health Care Reform Pros and Cons Halcyone Russell Strayer University Professor Beth Cox Politics, Policy And Ethics in Public Sector- PAD 510 December 2, 2011 Scientific evidence can be used in showing the positives of the Health Care Reform. If you lost your job next week your insurance would likely go with it. Excluding temporary programs like COBRA, losing your job basically means losing your health insurance too. Sure you can buy your own, but that can get expensive and there are often holes in the policy than with employer provided health insurance. Under a universal system, you don’t have to worry. Imagine you had to pay each month for access to use the police. If you lost your job and couldn’t afford the police bill and†¦show more content†¦Bloated bureaucracies are sort of an American icon. We set up massive social welfare programs and they are abused by citizens and politicians alike. If a US universal healthcare plan were to generate a surplus, our idiot government would then borrow from it and ruin the whole system for everyone. The simple fact is our government can’t be trusted to handle so cial programs, whether it is from bureaucratic or demographic mismanagement. Anecdotal evidence can be used to show the cons of having the Health care Reform example if Patient care under Medicare will improve as pilot programs to improve efficiencies are implemented. Doctors and hospitals are encouraged to coordinate care through payment incentives. For the first time, Medicare will reward quality, not quantity; thus, bonus payments will be given to those doctors and hospitals that provide good quality care. The Constitution gives Congress the power to tax and spend money for the general welfare. This tax [PPACA] promotes the general welfare because it makes health care more widely available and affordable. Under existing law, therefore, the tax is clearly constitutional. 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Effectiveness of the Rhetorical Devices Used in the...

In this assignment there will be an analysis of the effectiveness of the rhetorical devices used in two of the articles in the assignment. First, I will address two of the rhetorical devices that were presented in â€Å"Ban Outsourcing? Bad Idea† by Manjeet Kripalani. Second, I will review the rhetorical devices that were presented in the article â€Å"Outsourcing: the good, the bad and the inevitable†, by Cindy Kibbe. The articles are both strong in opinion and detail with persuasive arguments; the analysis will review the validity, logic, accuracy, misleading statements, ambiguity, and credibility of each article. Ban Outsourcing? Bad Idea by Manjeet Kripalani Accomplished journalist, Manjeet Kripalani, in the article, â€Å"Ban Outsourcing? Bad†¦show more content†¦There is misleading information provided, as there is not validity to the backlash that is stated. The second statement, Kripalani used the loaded language and comparisons, â€Å"Just as jobs are a crucial issue in the upcoming U.S. election, jobs are an issue in India, too† (Kripalani, 2004). The loaded language and comparisons are used to make the readers beliefs and feelings affected by what it is compared to. It is a type of association to an issue that they also have to deal with on a personal level. This will also try to clarify the claim that is made by Kripalani in her article. This statement is effective in the persuasion on the sheer fact that many countries in 2004 were in fact feeling the economic issues. Even if this statement contains truth to the times, it is can be considered a group ambiguous statement as it is made to a group of readers. Do to the world wide economic constraints there is no reason that India was not also affected by the down turn in the employment statistics. An upturn and a light to the change for the economy came when there was the first multinational government contract to have Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft join forces with an India based company (Kripalani, 2004). The validity of this argument can be verified in the Bloomberg View article by Chandrahas Choudhury that states â€Å"The malaise is particularly serious in the manufacturing sector, which shed as many as 5 million jobs between 2004 and

Causes and Stages of Cancer Free Essays

Introduction The World Heath Organisation (2011) estimates that without intervention 84 million people will die from cancer between 2005 and 2015. In 2008 156,723 people died in the UK alone of malignant neoplasm and 1 in 3 people will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. There were 12. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes and Stages of Cancer or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7 million new cases diagnosed worldwide in the same year which led to 7.6 million deaths. (Cancer Research UK, 2011). There are over 200 different types of cancer but lung, breast, prostate and colorectal account for over 50% of cancer cases. The percentage of deaths caused by cancer varies by region with 4% in Africa, 12% in Asia, 19% in Europe, 21% in Oceania and 23% in North America (National Cancer Institute, 2010). Cancer is used to define the group of diseases in which extensive cellular proliferation occurs alongside the invasion of surrounding tissues. Cancer cells can spread through the body via the blood and lymph systems and ultimately cause death of multi-cellular organisms (National Cancer Institute, 2010). Cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations which leads to instability of genetic regulators and alters gene expression. Cancer represents not a single disease but a group of heterogeneous diseases that share the fundamental biological characteristics of immortalisation, invasion, genetic instability, erratic differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 2008). Despite advances in detection and treatment of metastatic cancer, specifically breast, mortality rates still remain high because current therapies are limited by the emergence of therapy resistant cancer cells (Al-Hajj, et al, 2003). It has been documented that tumorous cells possess key stem cell characteristics such as high migration, self-renewal, drug resistance and extensive differentiation which leads to the production of a heterogeneous population. Tissue specific cells are able to self-renew and produce differentiated and functional cells within an organ. These differentiated cells are short lived and are produced from a small pool of long lived stem cells which lasts throughout the organism’s lifetime (Seo, 2007). Stem cells are essential for tissue development, replacement and repair however their longevity means they are susceptible to the accumulation of genetic damage and thereby providing a growth route for cancer recurrence following treatment (Clarke, 2005). Dean, Fojo and Bates (2005) suggest that cancer stem cells can survive chemotherapy and sustain the re-growth of a malignant tumour. Therefore if cancer stem cells are present in a tumour then they must be targeted in order to achieve a cure. Prospectively identifying cancer stem cells will allow investigation of the pathways and key molecules that can be targeted to eliminate these malignant cells (Clarke Fuller, 2006). There have been many studies which imply the existence of a sub-population of cells within tumours termed cancer stem cells which drive tumourgenesis. This paper therefore aims to isolate and characterise different sub-populations of cancer stem cells through physiological stress in human and murine models (DLD-1 and CT-26 respectively). There has been extensive evidence that CD133 and CD44 are reliable cancer stem cell markers therefore it can be hypothesised that CD133 and CD44 positive cells would demonstrate resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This statement formed the basis of the protocol developed by Sharma (2010) where the novel technique of exposing parental cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in-vitro to isolate cells resistant to drug exposure. The resulting cells will them be characterised by their ability to form spheroids and the performance of Q-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting to identify the presence of the CD133, CD44 and CD26 specific cancer stem cell markers. The ultimate aim is then perform microarray on parental and cancer stem cell populations to compare the difference in gene expression of the two populations. Literature Review On a cellular level cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation which enables abnormal growth leading to cancerous tumours. Just 5-10% of cancer cases can be attributed to genetic defects whereas the remaining cases (in order of influence) are a result of environmental factors such as diet, tobacco, infections, obesity, alcohol, radiation, stress and physical activity (Anand, et al, 2008). These factors lead to tumour growth as they induce DNA alterations or loss of the ability to repair DNA damage which deregulates standard gene expression (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 1998). Carcinogenesis is the term used to define the creation of cancer by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. This is due to the accumulation of genetic mutations and the resultant misbalance in cell death and proliferation (King Robins, 2006). Cell production is a complicated process which is kept in apoptosis via cell regulation by numerous classes of genes including oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 1998). Carcinogenesis occurs when there is a genetic mutation which upsets the normal balance between cell death and proliferation. The multi-step process is driven by the accumulation of genetic alterations which gives rise to highly malignant derivatives which have the ability to elude apoptosis, invade tissues and possess unlimited potential for replication (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000). The inheritance of a defective gene itself is not sufficient for development of cancer. Cancer manifests from the accumulation of additional somatic mutation s which occur as a result of imperfect DNA replication or DNA damage caused by environmental mutagens. Genes that, when mutated, lead to cancer predisposition normally have the function of suppressing tumourgeneis. If one allele of such gene mutates in the germ line then the cell still has the product of the wild type as a back up. If a mutation occurs in the wild type then the cell has no functional suppressor gene product remaining. The cell therefore proliferates abnormally leading to clonal expansion. Cells of proliferating clones are likely to accumulate another mutation resulting in further loss of growth control. As gradual clonal expansion takes place a tumour evolves. Oncogenes and cell suppressor cells control cell proliferation, a mutation here leads to the cells to become continually active. Caretaker genes control rates of mutation, defective caretakers therefore acquire mutations (Vogelstein and Kinzler, 1998). The three stages of carcinogenesis are promotion, proliferation and progression. Changes in the genomes structure occur across all three of the stages of neoplasm development. Additionally changes in gene expression take place at cell promotion with selective proliferation of mutation cells. Apoptosis and cell proliferation occur at different rates but still maintain a balance during initiation and promotion but during progression the balance alters and a malignancy arises as seen in figure 1 (Oliveira, 2007). The fundamental progression features of malignancies are invasion and metastasis and it is these traits which distinguish between normal and cancerous cells. Metastasis is characterised as the migration of cancer cells from the site of origin to a secondary point through the lymphatic system, connective tissues and blood supply. At this secondary point the cells then continue to invade and form new tumours (Hanahan, 2000). Cancer immunoediting has been described as the conflicting action of the immune system to protect the host from cancer development through immunosurveillance and promote tumour growth by the promoting action of immunity (Smyth, Gunn and Schreiber, 2006). The interaction of the innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity dictates the intensity of the outcome of the endogenous anti-cancer response. Stress induced molecules on tumour cells initiates the innate response and presentation and processing of tumour associates antigens leads to an adaptive response. Both of these responses can affect the tumour in different ways. The endogenous reaction could suppress tumour formation whilst at the same time exerting a selection pressure leading to the emergence of escape variants. Additionally the host’s immune response could directly promote tumour growth, invasion and metastasis via elaboration of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. There is a complex network of interactions between tumour cells, immune elements and stromal components in the microenvironment (Jinushi and Dranoff, 2007). However currently only the capability of the immune system to identify and kill cancer cells forms the basis of therapeutic strategies and immunotherapy (Schulz, 2005). Modifications in immunotherapy protocols have been proposed to lessen the effect cancer and improve the therapeutic value of immunological approaches by targeting the elimination of cancer stem cells (Lepisto, McKolanis Finn, 2007). Stem cells originate from the haematopoietic tissue and can be characterised by the unlimited capacity to self renew, which is the result of increases telomere activity (Huntly Gilliand, 2005) and the ability to terminally differentiate into one or more cell types, which is regulated by a niche signalling pathway system (Spradling, Drummond-Barbosa Kai, 2001). The capacity of stem cells to form differentiated offspring is described in terms of their differentiation potential (Friel, Van der Sar Mee, 2005). Totipotent cells have the ability to construct a complete organism, pluripotent cells are descendants of totipotent cells and can differentiate into almost all cells, multipotent cells differentiate into a specific family of cells, oligopotent cells differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid cells and omnipotent cells are only able to produce their own cell type but have the ability of self renewal which distinguishes them from other non-stem cells (Knoepffler, Schipanski Sorgner, 2007). The differentiation of stem cells is regulated by a niche signalling pathway system (Spradling et al, 2001). It has been suggested that cancer stem cells are displaced due to lack of heritable changes in phenotype and genetic alteration leading to an absence in cancer however when stem cells were placed in defective tissue they induced tumour growth (Clarke Fuller, 2006). Charafe-Jauffret, Monville and Ginester (2008) clarify the existence of cancer stem cells which possess tumorgenic, self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation abilities. Cancer stem cells are defined as a sub-population of cells in a tumour capable of generating phenotypically assorted cells (Gao, 2007). This petite population is accountable for the relapse of tumour growth, progress and invasion after treatment (Clarke Fuller, 2008). Although the concept that germ cells are responsible for oncogenesis has existed since 1855 the first conclusive evidence of cancer stem cell existence was that by Bonnet and Dick (1997) who isolated a CD34+/CD38– sub-population of leukemic cells which were capable of initiating tumours in NOD/SCID mice histologically similar to the donor. The cancer stem cell hypothesis states that the cancer initiating cell is a transformed tissue stem cell which retains the property of self protection through the activity of multiple drug resistant transporters. This drug resistant cell then remains at a low frequency amongst a tumour mass (Donndenberg Donndenberg, 2005). The cancer stem cell theory points to a new era of ca ncer research and is expected to yield alternative cancer treatments. It is now evident that tumours include cancer stem cells which can be isolated by antigenic markers and have the potential to develop into non-adherent spheroids (Wright et al, 2008). This concept has challenged the previous hypothesis that carcinogenesis is a result of ‘clonal evolution’ where every cell present in a tumour is capable of proliferating and forming new tumours (Max et al, 2006). Cancer stem cells have similar properties to stem cells such as similar molecular mechanisms and physiological trafficking which implies that cancer stem cells are a result of consecutive accumulated mutations in embryonic stem cells (Kucia Ratajckzak, 2006). This is supported by the correlation seen in the signalling pathways associated with maintenance of ‘stemness’ in embryonic cells and cancer pathways. These pathways such as JAK/STAT, Notch, MAPK/ERK, P13k/AKT, NF-GB and Wnt are not only inv olved in stem cell renewal governing proliferation but also express key molecules associated with malignant phenotypes which leads to tumour growth (Dreesen Brivanlou, 2007). It has therefore been deduced that normal stem cells are transformed into cancer stem cells via mutations in suppressor genes and oncogenses and mutations in repair genes and histone modifications (Costa, et al, 2006). Embryonic stem cells are dependent on the specialised microenvironment in which they reside. This niche prevents tumorgenesis by supplying signals to inhibit differentiation and proliferation. Additional signals are also provided to allow stem cell promotion, self-renewal or differentiation when necessary (Scadden, 2006). Stem cells are dependent on this niche for survival alternatively cancer stem cells do not appear to be dependant on this niche in the same way. Some believe that cancer stem cells have evolved to escape the control of a local environment whereas an additional theory suggests the cells do reside in a niche which has undergone changes itself which encourages cell growth (Burness Sipkins, 2010). Cancer stem cells are thought to evolve from an intrinsic mutation leading to self-sufficient proliferation and deregulation as the cancer cell overtakes the molecular machinery used by normal stem cells (Li Neaves, 2006). These tumour initiating cells are the source of recu rring tumours in many types of cancer (Foltz et al, 2009). Cancer stem cells make up less than 5% of a tumour and have been found in blood-borne, brain, breast, ovarian and colon cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2010). These cells are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy and in order to develop successful therapy it is essential to identify the cell surface markers unique to cancer stem cells and interpret their signalling pathways, figure 2 (Foltz et al, 2009). Figure 2: The impact of cancer stem cells on tumour growth and response therapy. A: Subset of cells within the tumour has the ability to replicate and sustain tumour growth. TA cell is suspected to be responsible for a majority of tumour growth and is susceptible to cancer therapy. Cancer stem cells give rise to identical immortal daughter cells. B: Possible outcome of targeting tumour cancer stem cells verses present cancer therapy techniques which do not affect cancer stem cells (Houghton et al, 2007). The developmental concept of cancer denotes the presence of a hierarchy of cells within a tumour which refers to the differences of cancer cells within a tumour where all cells do not express the same antigens. Additionally functional assays show that only a specific sub-population of cells within a tumour can propagate tumour growth. It appears that cancer cells capable of tumour growth are able to self-renew as well as generate cells which cannot propagate tumour growth (Cho Clarke, 2008). Cancer stem cells have therefore developed the ability for self-renewal and differentiation into a heterongenous population as well as the tumour related properties of uncontrolled growth and ability to form metastasis (Dalerba, et al, 2007). The ability that cancer stem cells share with stem cells to renew has changed perspectives leading to new approaches to treating the disease (Li and Neaves, 2006). Cancer stem cells show resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy making them a crucial target for treatment, it is therefore essential to identify the markers present on these cells in order to therapeutically target them (Foltz, et al, 2009). Current therapeutic strategies attempt to target cancer stem cells and its microenvironment whereas Tang, Ang Pervaiz (2007) identified a novel approach of targeting the reactive oxygen species in a cancer stem cell which would facilitate apoptotic death over proliferation. Additionally the development of monoclonal antibodies to recognise cancer stem cell markers would allow for more efficient destruction of these tumour forming cells (Okamoto Perez, 2008). The use of immunocompromised mouse model have shown to reliably capulate the molecular, biological and clinical features of the human disease. With such models defining the stages of tumour development, homogenised breeding and environmental conditions. This has therefore led to the development of the concept that plasma from genetically modified cancer models contains tumour derived proteins that may be relevant in the development of markers for human cancer (Kuick, et al, 2007). There are numerous studies which cites the use of immuno-comprised mice as vehicles for cancer stem cell isolation. Mouse models have been established as highly trusted in the development of human cancer treatment through verify the cancer stem cell extent of a tumour. This has been achieved by the opening and repetitive tumour progression in immuno-compromised SCID mice (Laurie, et al, 2007). http://tpx.sagepub.com/content/38/1/62.full.pdf+html Current developed methods to isolate ‘adult’ stem cell populations includes collection of different hematopoietic cells populations staining with the antibodies of interest and sorting by magnetic bead and/or fluorescence activated cell sorters (FACS) followed by in vivo transplant experiments. This allows for the development of understanding of fundamental hematopoietic stem cell characteristics of differentiation and the ability of the cells to give rise to others cells with the same potential for proliferation whilst still maintaining the stem cell pool Cho Clarke, 2008). Additional characterisation of cancer stem cells can be carried out by identifying gene expression and cell markers via immunofluorescence, western blotting and Q-PCR. It has been stated that an immature cell population can be characterised by surface markers CD34+ and CD38+ in AML and that these markers suggest the ability of initiating tumour development (Bonnet Dick 1997). Furthermore the use of a low-adherent growth environment can be used to produce spheroids from tumorgenic cells as a basis of isolation of cancer stem cells (Grange, et al, 2008) As it has been identified that a small minority of cells present in a tumour has the ability to form new tumours. It is therefore possible to distinguish between tumorgenic and non-tumorgenic cells based on the cell surface marker expression. Al-Hajj, et al (2003) were able to isolate breast cancer cells expressing CD44+ and CD24– lineage in as few as 100 cells with tumorgenic capabilities and identified hundreds of thousands of cells with a different phenotype which failed to form new tumours. Furthermore passaging the CD44+ and CD24– lineage led to the creation of phenotypically diverse populations. Sherman, et al (2011) also identified CD133 expression correlated with prognosis of oligodendroglial and astrocytic tumors and here immunofluorescence provided an effective and reproducible assay for identifying marke rs present in cancer stem cells. Fundamentally cancer is resistant to treatment because malignant cells survive chemotherapy, CD133 positive cancer stem cells display strong compatibility with tumours resistant to chemotherapy (Liu, et al, 2006). The use of immunofluorescence to characterise cancer stem cells has been used in a great deal of cases especially where total cell count is reduced CD44+ and CD24+ can be used for markers of colorectal cancer stem cells. CD44/CD24 cells are enriched for spheroid colonies and can reform all four CD44/CD24 subpopulations (Yeung, Wilding Bodmer, 2009). Additionally a population of CD26+ cells present in a sub-population of colorectal cancer stem cells led to the development of distant metastasis when injected into a mouse cecal wall. These CD26+ cells were also associated with enhanced invasiveness and chemoresistance (Pang, et al, 2010). Lgr-5 has also been identified as a key marker expressed in cancer stem cells of colorectal cancer associated with the activation of the Wnt signalling pathway which plays a key role in cancer development (Takahashi, et al, 2010). The first report indicating the difference in gene expression of cancer cells exhibiting cancer stem cell properties and those which did not was published in 2007 by Seo, et al. Amongst the 61 differently expressed genes 12 genes were considered up-regulated in the sub-population whereas 49 were downgraded validation of these gene expressions was validated using quantitative real time reverse transcriptase PCR. It was found that genes related to drug resistance such as AKR1C1/C2 and NR0B1, or cancer metastasis (TM4SF1) were up-regulated. Further more the up-regulated gene ABCG2 could be of use as an indicator for sorting. AKR1C has been identified as a catalyst of metabolic reduction and either activates or inactivates several xenobiotics. The public database (Gene expression Omnibus) has shown significant up-regulation in expression of AKR1C1 in smokers. Reference AL-HAJJ, M., et al. 2003. Prospective identification of tumorgenic breast cancer cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 100(7), pp. 3983-3988. ANAND, P., et al. 2008. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharmaceutical Research, 25(9), pp. 2097-2116. BONNET, D. DICK, J. 1997. Human acute myeloid leukaemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nature Medicine, 3(7), pp. 730-737. BURNESS, M. SIPKINS, D. 2010. The stem cell niche in health and malignancy. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 20(2), pp. 107-115. CHO, R. CLARKE, M. 2008. Recent advances in cancer stem cells. Current Opinions in Genetics Development, 18(1), pp. 48-53. CLARKE, M. FULLER, M. 2006. Stem cells and cancer: two faces of evil. Cell, 124(6), pp. 1111-1115. CLARKE, R. 2005. Isolation and characterization of human mammary stem cells. Cell Proliferation, 38(6), pp. 375-386. COSTA, F., LE BLANC, K. BRODIN, B. 2006. Cancer/testis antigens, stem cells and cancer. Stem Cells, 25(3), pp. 707-711. DALEBRA, P., et al. 2007. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 104(24), pp. 10158-10163. DREESEN, O. BRIVANLOU, A. 2007. Signalling pathways in cancer and embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reviews, 3(1), pp. 7-17. FRIEAL, R., VAN DER SAR, S. MEE, P. Embryonic stem cells: understanding their history, cell biology and signalling. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 57(13), pp. 1894-1903. GAO, J. 2008. Cancer stem cells: the lessons learnt from pre-cancerous stem cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 12(1), pp. 67-96. GRANGE, C., et al. 2008. Sca-1 indentifies the tumor-initiating cells in mammary tumors of BALB-neuT transgenic mice. Neoplasia, 10(12), pp. 1433-1443. HANAHAN, D. 2000. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100(1), pp. 57-70. HANAHAN, D. WEINBERG, R. 2000. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100, pp. 57-70. HOUGHTON, J., et al. 2007. Stem cells and cancer. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 17, pp. 191-203. HUNTLY, B. 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Discovery of cancer biomarkers through the use of mouse models. Cancer Letters, 249(1), pp. 40-48. How to cite Causes and Stages of Cancer, Essay examples